In History, Today on November 1

The Third Lateran Council, convened by Pope Alexander III, concluded. It addressed issues such as the election of popes and the condemnation of simony.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.

The Strait of Magellan was first navigated by Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition to circumnavigate the globe.

William Shakespeare's tragedy 'Othello' is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, followed by a tsunami and fires, destroys much of Lisbon, Portugal, and kills tens of thousands of people.

John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later known as the White House).

Nicholas II becomes the last Tsar of Russia after the death of his father, Alexander III.

The first dropping of a bomb from an aircraft in combat occurs during the Italo-Turkish War.

World War I: The first naval battle of Coronel is fought between the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy off the coast of Chile.

The United States conducts the first successful hydrogen bomb test, codenamed 'Ivy Mike', at Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.

The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.

The European Union's first constitution was signed by representatives of the 25 member states in Rome, Italy.

The Dutch government introduced a ban on the sale of hallucinogenic mushrooms following several incidents involving tourists.

The first iPhone was officially released in the United Kingdom, Germany, and France, marking Apple's expansion into the European market.

The global population officially reached 7 billion, according to the United Nations.

Google launched its first Chromebook, the Samsung Chromebook Series 3, marking a significant step in cloud-based computing.

The One World Trade Center officially opened in New York City, marking a significant milestone in the reconstruction of the World Trade Center site.

The Paris Agreement was adopted by consensus at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris, aiming to combat climate change.

The United States re-imposed sanctions on Iran that had been lifted under the 2015 nuclear deal, following the U.S. withdrawal from the agreement earlier in the year. This move increased tensions between the two countries and affected global oil markets.