In History, Today on June 12

The 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification concluded, determining the finalists for the tournament originally scheduled for 2021 but later postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Singapore Summit took place, where U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un met to discuss denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.

The Pulse nightclub shooting occurred in Orlando, Florida, resulting in 49 deaths and 53 injuries, marking it as one of the deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history.

A fuel tanker explosion in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulted in at least 230 deaths, many of whom were watching World Cup soccer at the time.

The Iranian presidential election was held, leading to widespread protests and allegations of electoral fraud.

The landmark ruling Boumediene v. Bush was delivered by the U.S. Supreme Court, holding that Guantanamo Bay detainees have the right to seek habeas corpus in federal court.

An Islamist insurgency began after members of the Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb ambushed an army outpost in northern Algeria.

Timothy McVeigh, responsible for the Oklahoma City bombing, was executed by lethal injection at the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute.

The Italian police arrested 43 people, following an operation to dismantle the global big money 'Ndrangheta organized crime syndicate.

Boris Yeltsin was elected as the first President of the Russian Federation, marking a significant shift in Russian politics post-Soviet Union.

The parliament of Russia declared its sovereignty from the Soviet Union, an early step towards the formal dissolution of the USSR in 1991.

U.S. President Ronald Reagan delivered his famous "Tear down this wall!" speech at the Berlin Wall, urging Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to open the barrier dividing East and West Berlin.

The 15th amendment of the Constitution was passed in India, addressing issues related to taxation and pensions, and extending the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage against the apartheid government of South Africa.

Civil rights leader Medgar Evers was assassinated in Jackson, Mississippi, a pivotal event in the American Civil Rights Movement.

The European Convention on Human Rights came into force, providing a wide range of civil and political rights to the citizens of the signatory states.

Anne Frank received a diary as a gift for her thirteenth birthday, which she would later use to document her life in hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands.

The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum was officially dedicated in Cooperstown, New York.

The New Richmond Tornado strikes Wisconsin, resulting in significant damage and around 117 deaths, marking it as one of the deadliest tornadoes in U.S. history.

The Philippines declared independence from Spain, marking the end of over 300 years of Spanish colonial rule.

A treaty known as the Khas Buland Treaty was signed in Afghanistan between the Kingdom of Punjab and the Emirate of Afghanistan, concerning the control of the region of Peshawar.

Lloyd's of London, a well-known insurance market, established the Lloyd's Register of British Shipping, a classification society to evaluate the quality of ships.

The first Great Pennsylvania Coal Strike of 1817 begins. This was one of the earliest recorded labor disputes in the coal mining industry in the United States.

The Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted by the Virginia Convention, serving as a model for the United States Bill of Rights.

New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city, later to be renamed New York City after the English took control in 1664. This incorporation marked a significant development in the establishment of what would become one of the world's major cities.

The Spanish fortress of La Coruña successfully fends off an attack by the English privateer Francis Drake during the Anglo-Spanish War. This event was part of Drake's expedition to disrupt Spanish shipping and colonial holdings, highlighting the growing tensions between England and Spain.

Henry VI of England instates the title of Duke of Suffolk, bestowing it upon William de la Pole, a significant political figure during his reign. William was a key ally and counselor to the king, while the title further solidified his power and influence within the English court.

During the Peasants' Revolt in England, rebels led by Wat Tyler and John Ball entered London, demanding economic and social reforms.

Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, takes control of southern Italy by drilling the Byzantine troops at the Battle of Stilo, reinforcing the Byzantine Empire's retreat from the Italian mainland.

Æthelstan, King of the Anglo-Saxons, secured the submission of Constantine II of Scotland and other northern rulers at Eamont Bridge, marking a significant step towards the unification of England.

The Battle of Soissons took place, where King Charles III of France was defeated by the forces of Robert I of France, leading to significant political changes in the West Frankish Kingdom.

Pope Stephen IV (V) was elected as the 97th pope of the Roman Catholic Church.