In History, Today on July 27

Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, at the Battle of Dunsinane.

The Battle of Bouvines took place, marking a decisive victory for the French King Philip II over an alliance of English, Flemish, and Holy Roman Empire forces.

The English Parliament passed the Second Navigation Act, which aimed to tighten the control over colonial trade by requiring that goods imported to England or its colonies be transported on English ships.

The first U.S. federal government agency, the Department of Foreign Affairs, was established, later renamed the Department of State.

Maximilien Robespierre, a leading figure of the French Revolution, was arrested by the National Convention, marking the end of the Reign of Terror.

The Atlantic Cable was successfully completed, allowing for telegraphic communication between Europe and North America.

Researchers at the University of Toronto, led by Frederick Banting and Charles Best, successfully isolated insulin, leading to a breakthrough in diabetes treatment.

The Korean War armistice was signed, effectively ending hostilities between North and South Korea, although a formal peace treaty was never signed.

The House Judiciary Committee voted to recommend the first article of impeachment against President Richard Nixon for obstruction of justice in the Watergate scandal.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law by President George H. W. Bush, prohibiting discrimination based on disability.

A pipe bomb exploded at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta during the Summer Olympics, killing two and injuring over 100 people.

Ukraine airshow disaster: A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter jet crashed during an aerobatics presentation at the Sknyliv airfield near Lviv, Ukraine, killing 77 people and injuring over 500, marking it as the world's deadliest air show accident.

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) announced an end to its armed campaign, stating it would pursue its aims through peaceful means, marking a significant step in the Northern Ireland peace process.

The opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London, United Kingdom, showcasing British culture and history, and marking the start of the Games attended by athletes from 204 nations.

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) seized the Syrian military base known as Division 17 in Raqqa, Syria, as part of its campaign to establish a caliphate in the region.

The United States and Turkey announce an agreement to create an Islamic State-free zone in northern Syria, aiming to push ISIS militants away from the Turkish border.

A suicide bombing occurred at a rally in Kabul, Afghanistan, killing at least 80 people and injuring over 230. The attack was claimed by the Islamic State, targeting the Hazara minority.

The longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century occurs, lasting approximately 1 hour and 43 minutes, and is visible across much of Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, and South America.