In History, Today on October 15

The Siege of Vienna ends as the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, withdraws after failing to capture the city from the Habsburgs.

The Gregorian calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, replacing the Julian calendar in Catholic countries, leading to the loss of 10 days to realign the calendar with the equinox.

Napoleon Bonaparte begins his exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.

The H. L. Hunley, a Confederate submarine, sinks during a test run, killing its inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, and seven other crew members.

Alfred Dreyfus, a French Jewish artillery officer, is arrested for treason, marking the beginning of the Dreyfus Affair, a political scandal that divided France.

Mata Hari, a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan, is executed by firing squad for espionage during World War I.

The airship Graf Zeppelin completes its first transatlantic flight, landing in Lakehurst, New Jersey.

Charlie Chaplin's film 'The Great Dictator' is released, satirizing Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime.

Hermann Göring, a leading member of the Nazi Party, commits suicide the night before his scheduled execution after being convicted at the Nuremberg Trials.

The Black Panther Party is founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California, advocating for African American rights and self-defense.

The Great Storm of 1987 hits France and the southern United Kingdom, causing widespread damage and the loss of 22 lives.

Wayne Gretzky becomes the all-time leading scorer in the NHL, surpassing Gordie Howe's record of 1,850 points.

China launched its first manned space mission, Shenzhou 5, making it the third country to send humans into space independently.

The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1718, imposing sanctions on North Korea following its nuclear test on October 9, 2006.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed below 9,000 points for the first time since 2003, amid the global financial crisis.

The global 'Occupy' protests took place, inspired by the Occupy Wall Street movement, with demonstrations in over 950 cities across 82 countries.

Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani education activist, addressed the United Nations on her 16th birthday, advocating for worldwide access to education.

The deadliest week of wildfires in California's history, known as the October 2017 Northern California wildfires, began to be contained after burning over 245,000 acres.

The United Kingdom and the European Union reached a revised Brexit deal, which was later rejected by the UK Parliament.