In History, Today on October 15

The United Kingdom and the European Union reached a revised Brexit deal, which was later rejected by the UK Parliament.

The deadliest week of wildfires in California's history, known as the October 2017 Northern California wildfires, began to be contained after burning over 245,000 acres.

Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani education activist, addressed the United Nations on her 16th birthday, advocating for worldwide access to education.

The global 'Occupy' protests took place, inspired by the Occupy Wall Street movement, with demonstrations in over 950 cities across 82 countries.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed below 9,000 points for the first time since 2003, amid the global financial crisis.

The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1718, imposing sanctions on North Korea following its nuclear test on October 9, 2006.

China launched its first manned space mission, Shenzhou 5, making it the third country to send humans into space independently.

Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts in ending apartheid in South Africa.

The 'Oh-My-God particle', an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, is observed over Dugway Proving Ground, Utah.

Wayne Gretzky becomes the all-time leading scorer in the NHL, surpassing Gordie Howe's record of 1,850 points.

The Great Storm of 1987 hits France and the southern United Kingdom, causing widespread damage and the loss of 22 lives.

Hundreds of thousands of people across the United States participate in the National Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, protesting against the Vietnam War.

The Black Panther Party is founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California, advocating for African American rights and self-defense.

Hermann Göring, a leading member of the Nazi Party, commits suicide the night before his scheduled execution after being convicted at the Nuremberg Trials.

Charlie Chaplin's film 'The Great Dictator' is released, satirizing Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime.

The New York Municipal Airport was dedicated, later known as LaGuardia Airport.

The airship Graf Zeppelin completes its first transatlantic flight, landing in Lakehurst, New Jersey.

Mata Hari, a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan, is executed by firing squad for espionage during World War I.

Alfred Dreyfus, a French Jewish artillery officer, is arrested for treason, marking the beginning of the Dreyfus Affair, a political scandal that divided France.

The Supreme Court of the United States struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875, ruling that the Fourteenth Amendment did not give Congress the power to regulate private acts of discrimination.

The University of Southern California was founded, contributing to the higher education landscape of the United States.

The Edison Electric Light Company was incorporated, paving the way for significant advancements in electric lighting.

The H. L. Hunley, a Confederate submarine, sinks during a test run, killing its inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, and seven other crew members.

A Harper's Weekly editor was attacked during the Baltimore slave riot, sparking tensions between pro-slavery and abolitionist groups.

Friedrich Nietzsche, the influential German philosopher, cultural critic, and poet known for his profound impact on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history, was born.

Napoleon Bonaparte begins his exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.

Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes made one of the first untethered manned flights in a hot air balloon, developed by the Montgolfier brothers, in Paris.

The Gregorian calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, replacing the Julian calendar in Catholic countries, leading to the loss of 10 days to realign the calendar with the equinox.

The Siege of Vienna ends as the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, withdraws after failing to capture the city from the Habsburgs.

King Henry VIII of England orders bowling lanes at Whitehall Palace.

Philip IV was crowned King of France, marking the beginning of a significant reign known for his conflicts with the papacy and his efforts to consolidate power.

The Livonian Brothers of the Sword defeated an Estonian army at the Battle of Viljandi during the Livonian Crusade.

Saint Ludmila, the grandmother of Saint Wenceslaus and a key figure in the Christianization of Bohemia, was canonized as a saint. She was martyred in 921 and is venerated as a patroness of Bohemia.

The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was ratified, granting land to the Viking leader Rollo and establishing the beginnings of the Duchy of Normandy.

The Battle of Ad Decimum took place near Carthage, where Byzantine forces under General Belisarius defeated the Vandals led by King Gelimer, marking a significant victory in the Vandalic War.