Saudi Arabian-led Intervention in Yemen: March 26, 2015

On March 26, 2015, a Saudi Arabian-led coalition launched a military intervention in Yemen, marking the beginning of a significant and ongoing conflict in the region. This intervention, primarily consisting of airstrikes, targeted the Houthi forces, a group that had gained control over large parts of Yemen, including the capital, Sana’a.

Background

The roots of the conflict can be traced back to the Arab Spring in 2011, which led to widespread protests in Yemen. These protests eventually resulted in the resignation of long-time President Ali Abdullah Saleh. His vice president, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, took over but struggled to stabilize the country amidst political turmoil, economic challenges, and security threats.

The Houthi movement, officially known as Ansar Allah, capitalized on the instability. Originating from the Zaidi Shia minority in northern Yemen, the Houthis had been in conflict with the Yemeni government for years. By 2014, they had seized control of Sana’a and forced President Hadi to flee to the southern city of Aden.

The Intervention

The Saudi-led coalition, comprising several Arab states, including the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Sudan, initiated Operation Decisive Storm on March 26, 2015. The coalition’s primary objectives were to restore President Hadi’s government and curb Iranian influence in Yemen, as Iran was believed to be supporting the Houthis.

Key Events

• Airstrikes Begin: The coalition launched extensive airstrikes targeting Houthi positions, military bases, and infrastructure. The initial strikes aimed to weaken the Houthis’ military capabilities and halt their advance towards Aden.

• Naval Blockade: In addition to airstrikes, the coalition imposed a naval blockade to prevent arms shipments to the Houthis, further isolating them.

• Ground Operations: While the intervention initially focused on air power, ground operations eventually followed, involving coalition troops and Yemeni forces loyal to Hadi.

Consequences and Aftermath

• Humanitarian Crisis: The conflict has resulted in a severe humanitarian crisis, with thousands of civilian casualties and millions displaced. Yemen has faced widespread famine, disease outbreaks, and infrastructure destruction.

• Prolonged Conflict: Despite the coalition’s efforts, the conflict has persisted, with neither side achieving a decisive victory. The war has become a complex proxy battle involving regional powers.

• International Response: The intervention has drawn international criticism, particularly regarding civilian casualties and the humanitarian impact. Efforts by the United Nations and other international bodies to broker peace have faced numerous challenges.

Broader Historical Significance

The Saudi-led intervention in Yemen is a critical example of regional power dynamics in the Middle East, highlighting the geopolitical rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran. It underscores the complexities of modern warfare, where regional conflicts can have far-reaching humanitarian and political consequences.

The ongoing conflict continues to shape the political landscape of the Middle East, with implications for international relations, security, and humanitarian efforts in the region.