Israel Obtains Four of the Seven Dead Sea Scrolls (February 13, 1955)

On February 13, 1955, a significant acquisition occurred in the history of archaeological and biblical scholarship when Israel obtained four of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls. This event marked a crucial step in preserving and studying these ancient texts, which are some of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.

Historical Context

The Dead Sea Scrolls, a collection of Jewish texts, were discovered between 1947 and 1956 in the Qumran Caves near the Dead Sea. Comprising biblical manuscripts and other writings, the scrolls date from approximately the third century BCE to the first century CE and provide invaluable insights into the history and practices of the Second Temple Judaism.

The Acquisition

Before Israel acquired these four scrolls, they were in the possession of Mar Athanasius Yeshue Samuel, the Syrian Orthodox Archbishop of the United States. In 1954, Samuel had advertised the sale of these scrolls in a Wall Street Journal advertisement. Israel’s acquisition of these scrolls was facilitated by Israeli archaeologist and Hebrew University professor, Yigael Yadin, who was the son of renowned Jewish historian Eleazar Sukenik. Yadin, with the clandestine support of the Israeli government, negotiated the purchase.

Significance of the Scrolls

The scrolls obtained by Israel included prominent texts such as the Isaiah Scroll, the Community Rule, and the Habakkuk Commentary, each holding immense scholarly and religious value. The Isaiah Scroll, for instance, is one of the oldest known copies of the Book of Isaiah, providing a critical link in the history of biblical texts.

Broader Historical Impact

The acquisition not only enriched Israel’s cultural and historical heritage but also enhanced global scholarly studies. The scrolls have since remained in Israel and are housed in the Shrine of the Book, a part of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, where they continue to be a focal point for research and public interest.

The 1955 acquisition represents a key moment in the story of the Dead Sea Scrolls, highlighting the blend of archaeology, politics, and cultural heritage in their ongoing preservation and study.