In History, Today on September 10

John Bolton was dismissed as National Security Advisor by U.S. President Donald Trump.

The opening ceremony of the 2016 Paralympic Games took place in Rio de Janeiro.

Queen Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning monarch in British history, surpassing her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, was powered up for the first time, marking a significant milestone in particle physics.

Switzerland became a member of the United Nations.

The United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld announced a plan to reform the military and mentioned that the Pentagon could not account for approximately $2.3 trillion in transactions.

The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, was consecrated by Pope John Paul II. It is one of the largest churches in the world.

Pope John Paul II arrived in Miami, Florida, marking the beginning of his second visit to the United States. This trip included stops in several cities where he addressed various religious and social issues.

Hamida Djandoubi, a Tunisian immigrant convicted of murder, became the last person to be executed by guillotine in France.

Guinea-Bissau declared its independence from Portugal.

The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, also known as the Limited Test Ban Treaty, entered into force. Signed initially in Moscow on August 5, 1963, by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, the treaty aimed at reducing global nuclear fallout.

At approximately midnight (GMT), the Italian liner 'SS Andrea Doria' capsized and sank, after colliding with the Swedish liner 'MS Stockholm' off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, on July 25, 1956. The details of the sinking, investigation, and salvage operations became a prolonged affair that also highlighted trans-Atlantic passenger shipping's decline.

At the Summer Olympics in Rome, Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia won the marathon barefoot, becoming the first African to win an Olympic gold medal.

The first Cannes Film Festival is held, following its cancellation in 1939 due to World War II. It marks the beginning of what would become one of the most prestigious and widely publicized film festivals in the world.

Vidkun Quisling, the leader of Norway's collaborationist government during World War II, is sentenced to death after being found guilty of treason against Norway. His name has since become synonymous with traitor.

Canada declared war on Germany, joining the Allies in World War II. This was a week after Britain and France had declared war following Germany's invasion of Poland.

The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed, formally ending World War I for Austria. It dissolved the Austro-Hungarian Empire and recognized the independence of several Central European nations.

A London taxi driver named George Smith became the first person ever arrested for drunk driving after slamming his cab into a building.

Simón Bolívar is named President of Peru, reinforcing his influence in South American liberation movements against Spanish control.

The Battle of Lake Erie took place, where United States forces under Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British fleet.

Nathan Hale, a soldier for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, volunteered to spy behind British lines. His service provided crucial intelligence during this critical time for American independence.

John Smith was elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America.

The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh took place, marking the last pitched battle between England and Scotland. It was part of the Rough Wooing, a war between England and Scotland over the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, to Edward VI of England.

An earthquake strikes the region of Crete, then part of the Byzantine Empire, causing significant damage.

The Battle of Myriokephalon was fought between the Byzantine Empire, led by Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, and the Seljuk Turks of the Sultanate of Rum, under Kılıç Arslan II.

The Council of Agde, a significant church synod, convened in the city of Agde, Gaul (modern-day France). This council was organized by Caesarius of Arles and addressed various ecclesiastical issues, including church discipline and clerical conduct.