In History, Today on September 10

The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh took place, marking the last pitched battle between England and Scotland. It was part of the Rough Wooing, a war between England and Scotland over the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, to Edward VI of England.

John Smith was elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America.

A London taxi driver named George Smith became the first person ever arrested for drunk driving after slamming his cab into a building.

The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed, formally ending World War I for Austria. It dissolved the Austro-Hungarian Empire and recognized the independence of several Central European nations.

Canada declared war on Germany, joining the Allies in World War II. This was a week after Britain and France had declared war following Germany's invasion of Poland.

At the Summer Olympics in Rome, Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia won the marathon barefoot, becoming the first African to win an Olympic gold medal.

Guinea-Bissau declared its independence from Portugal.

Hamida Djandoubi, a Tunisian immigrant convicted of murder, became the last person to be executed by guillotine in France.

The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, was consecrated by Pope John Paul II. It is one of the largest churches in the world.

The United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld announced a plan to reform the military and mentioned that the Pentagon could not account for approximately $2.3 trillion in transactions.

Switzerland became a member of the United Nations.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, was powered up for the first time, marking a significant milestone in particle physics.

John Bolton was dismissed as National Security Advisor by U.S. President Donald Trump.