In History, Today on August 19

Mary, Queen of Scots, returns to Scotland after spending 13 years in France.

The Second Anglo-Dutch War saw the naval Battle of North Foreland, where the English fleet defeated the Dutch, marking a significant victory for England.

Five people, including a clergyman, are executed for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts, during the Salem witch trials.

The USS Constitution defeats the HMS Guerriere off the coast of Nova Scotia during the War of 1812.

The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world."

The first automobile race is held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

A plebiscite in Germany gives Adolf Hitler complete power as Führer.

The Dieppe Raid, an Allied attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe, France, during World War II, results in heavy losses.

The CIA and British intelligence orchestrate a coup d'état in Iran, overthrowing Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.

The Soviet Union launches Korabl-Sputnik 2, carrying the dogs Belka and Strelka, which safely return to Earth.

The Polish government agrees to meet with striking workers at the Gdańsk Shipyard, leading to the formation of the Solidarity movement.

Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be the first non-communist prime minister in Eastern Europe in over 40 years.

A suicide truck bomb attack on the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad, Iraq, killed 22 people, including the UN's top envoy in Iraq, Sérgio Vieira de Mello.

The first-ever joint military exercises between Russia and China, known as Peace Mission 2005, began, marking a significant step in military cooperation between the two nations.

Afghanistan held its second presidential election since the fall of the Taliban, amid widespread allegations of electoral fraud and violence.

Operation Iraqi Freedom officially ended as the last U.S. combat brigade exited Iraq, transitioning to Operation New Dawn, which focused on stability operations.

The Syrian government was accused of using chemical weapons in an attack on the Ghouta region, leading to international condemnation and a crisis over Syria's chemical weapons stockpile.

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) released a video showing the beheading of American journalist James Foley, sparking international outrage and condemnation.

A suicide bombing at a wedding in Gaziantep, Turkey, killed at least 54 people, many of whom were children, in an attack attributed to ISIS.

A train derailment in Muzaffarnagar, India, resulted in the deaths of at least 23 people and injured over 150 others.

The Trump administration announced it would move to end the Flores Settlement Agreement, which set standards for the detention of migrant children, sparking widespread debate and legal challenges.

Mali's President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta resigned after being detained by mutinous soldiers, following months of protests against his government.