In History, Today on July 15

Italy won the European women's soccer championship for the first time as they defeated the Netherlands in the UEFA Women's Euro final.

Massive protests took place in Paris, France, against proposed legislation requiring COVID-19 health passes to enter restaurants and other venues.

A major Twitter hack targeted high-profile accounts, including those of Barack Obama, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates, in a Bitcoin scam.

France won the 2018 FIFA World Cup, defeating Croatia 4-2 in the final held in Moscow, Russia.

An attempted coup d'état took place in Turkey, led by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces. The coup was ultimately unsuccessful, leading to widespread purges and arrests.

The Republic of Palau commemorated its 30th constitution anniversary, marking three decades since the adoption of its constitution, which established it as an independent nation.

Twitter, a social media platform, was publicly launched, allowing users to post short messages called tweets.

A Boeing 747 crashed shortly after takeoff from the JFK International Airport, killing all 230 people on board. The crash was later attributed to an explosion in a fuel tank.

The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the first international human spaceflight mission, is launched, marking a significant moment of cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

U.S. President Richard Nixon announced that he would visit the People's Republic of China at the invitation of the Chinese government, marking a significant thaw in relations between the two countries.

The Mariner 4 spacecraft, launched by NASA, successfully flew by Mars, sending back the first images of another planet taken from deep space.

The International Chess Federation (FIDE) was founded in Paris, France, aiming to oversee the international governance and organization of competitive chess.

In the midst of World War I, the Battle of Delville Wood begins as part of the larger Battle of the Somme, involving South African forces in a fierce and costly engagement against German troops.

Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia is born, who would later become a significant figure in Ethiopian history and a symbol of African independence and unity.

Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets a new land speed record of 39.24 miles per hour (63.14 kilometers per hour) in Paris, becoming the first recorded automobile land speed champion.

The Franco-Prussian War begins when France declares war on Prussia following the manipulation of the Ems Dispatch by Otto von Bismarck, which inflamed anti-French sentiment in Prussia.

The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after more than 350 years of religious persecution and trials.

Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to Captain Frederick Maitland of HMS Bellerophon, marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

The Rosetta Stone is discovered in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French soldiers during Napoleon's campaign in Egypt, providing the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs.

The Duke of Monmouth is executed by beheading on Tower Hill in London, following his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemoor. The execution marks the end of the Monmouth Rebellion, an uprising against King James II of England.

The Battle of Grunwald (also known as the Battle of Tannenberg) takes place, where the Polish-Lithuanian alliance decisively defeats the Teutonic Knights, marking a turning point in the power dynamics of Eastern Europe.

King Richard II of England issues a royal pardon to many of the participants in the Peasants' Revolt, in an effort to pacify the unrest and restore order. The rebellion had been fueled by socio-economic grievances.

The city of Novgorod is besieged during the Mongol invasion of the Kievan Rus'. This siege is part of the larger campaign by the Mongol Empire to expand into Eastern Europe.

The First Crusade captures Jerusalem, marking a pivotal moment in the Crusades as Christian forces take control of the city from Muslim rule.

The Battle of Talas begins between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang dynasty of China, marking a significant confrontation in Central Asia.