In History, Today on May 13

Pope Alexander VI issued the papal bull 'Inter caetera,' which granted Spain the rights to colonize the New World, a significant event in the Age of Exploration.

Mary, Queen of Scots, was defeated at the Battle of Langside, forcing her to flee to England, where she was imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth I.

English settlers establish Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.

Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was executed in The Hague after being accused of treason, marking a significant political event in the Dutch Republic.

The United States declares war on Mexico, marking the beginning of the Mexican-American War.

Brazil abolishes slavery with the signing of the Lei Áurea (Golden Law) by Princess Isabel.

The first apparition of Our Lady of Fátima is reported by three shepherd children in Fátima, Portugal.

Winston Churchill delivers his first speech as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, famously stating, 'I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.'

Pope John Paul II is shot and critically wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City.

Uzbek government forces violently suppressed a protest in Andijan, resulting in a large number of civilian casualties.

A coal mine explosion in Soma, Turkey, resulted in the deaths of 301 miners, marking one of the worst mining disasters in the country's history.

The United States Supreme Court ruled in Apple Inc. v. Pepper that iPhone users could sue Apple for monopolizing the market for iPhone apps.