In History, Today on April 13

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended a pause in the use of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine due to reports of rare blood clot cases.

The Sudanese Professionals Association, a key group in the Sudanese protests, called for a mass rally to demand a civilian-led government following the ousting of President Omar al-Bashir.

The United States military dropped the GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB), also known as the 'Mother of All Bombs,' on an ISIS-Khorasan cave complex in Afghanistan's Nangarhar Province. This marked the first time the bomb was used in combat.

The United States hosts the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, D.C., assembling leaders from 47 countries to discuss prevention of nuclear terrorism and securing vulnerable nuclear materials worldwide.

4th Summit of the Americas is held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, where leaders from 34 nations gather to discuss issues such as economic recovery, energy security, and climate change.

Plutonium discovered in a waste sump at the Hanford Site, a decommissioned nuclear production complex in Washington, USA.

The European Union and the United States agreed to end a long-running trade dispute over steel tariffs, with the EU deciding not to impose retaliatory sanctions after the U.S. removed tariffs on steel imports.

The Netherlands becomes the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage, allowing homosexual couples to marry and adopt children.

Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament at age 21.

India launched its first major military operation in the Siachen Glacier region, resulting in ongoing territorial disputes with Pakistan over this area in the Himalayas.

A civil war broke out in Lebanon when a Christian militia called the Phalangists attacked a bus in the Ain el-Rammaneh district of Beirut, escalating sectarian tensions.

An oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 exploded, crippling the spacecraft and leading to a critical situation for the crew, who were ultimately returned safely to Earth.

The discovery of the Katyn massacre was announced by Nazi Germany, revealing the mass graves of Polish officers killed by the Soviet Union during World War II.

The Soviet Union and Japan signed the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, securing Soviet neutrality in the Pacific, which allowed the Soviet Union to focus on its western front against Nazi Germany.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar, India, when British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indian protesters, leading to significant casualties and escalating the Indian independence movement.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded in New York City.

Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces, marking the beginning of the American Civil War.

The Roman Catholic Relief Act was passed by the British Parliament, allowing Catholics to sit in the parliament and hold public office.

George Frideric Handel's oratorio 'Messiah' premiered in Dublin, Ireland, becoming one of the most famous choral works in Western music.

King Henry IV of France issued the Edict of Nantes, granting substantial rights to the Huguenots and ending the French Wars of Religion.

The Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople, marking a significant event in the history of the Crusades and leading to the establishment of the Latin Empire.

The Concordat of Worms (also known as the Pactum Calixtinum) between Pope Paschal II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V was signed to resolve the Investiture Controversy, a major conflict between the church and the Holy Roman Empire over the appointment of bishops.

The death of Krum, the Khan of Bulgaria, who was known for his military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and for establishing a strong centralized state. His reign marked a period of expansion and consolidation for the Bulgarian Empire.

The Battle of the Bagradas River took place between the forces of the Byzantine Empire and the Berber kingdom of Altava. The Byzantines, led by General John Troglita, achieved a decisive victory, which helped to consolidate Byzantine control over the region of North Africa.