In History, Today on March 14

The United States Senate passed a bill to make daylight saving time permanent, known as the Sunshine Protection Act, aiming to end the twice-yearly clock changes.

The partial general elections were held in El Salvador to elect members to the national assembly and local governments.

Spain declared a national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, becoming one of the first European countries to do so.

Cyclone Idai made landfall near Beira, Mozambique, causing widespread destruction and leading to a humanitarian crisis.

Renowned theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking passed away at the age of 76 in Cambridge, England. He was known for his work on black holes and his popular science books.

Xi Jinping was formally elected as the President of the People's Republic of China by the National People's Congress, marking the beginning of his first term.

The European Union agreed to a €78 billion bailout package for Portugal to help stabilize its economy during the European debt crisis.

China's National People's Congress votes to adopt a package of environmental laws including targets to reduce carbon emissions.

The first Red Nose Day USA aired on NBC, marking a significant charity drive aligned with the British Comic Relief's fundraising event.

CEDRE, a conference for Lebanon's economic development and reform, was held in Paris.

Vladimir Putin was re-elected as President of Russia, securing a second term with a significant majority of the vote.

The Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released, marking a significant milestone in the development of the open-source operating system.

The Birmingham Six, wrongly convicted of the 1974 Birmingham pub bombings, are released after 16 years in prison.

Gerry Adams, a Northern Irish republican politician and the leader of Sinn Féin, was allowed to enter the UK for the first time after the British government lifted a lifetime ban.

A jury in Dallas, Texas, finds Jack Ruby guilty of murdering Lee Harvey Oswald, the accused assassin of President John F. Kennedy.

The Ford Motor Company produced its 50 millionth car, a Thunderbird, at the Dearborn, Michigan plant.

During the Korean War, United Nations forces recapture Seoul from Chinese and North Korean forces.

The Swallow Sidecar Company, later known as Jaguar Cars, officially became a public limited company.

The Kraków Ghetto in Nazi-occupied Poland was 'liquidated,' with thousands of Jews rounded up and deported to the Płaszów concentration camp or killed.

Slovakia declares independence under German pressure, becoming a client state of Nazi Germany at the onset of World War II.

The first theater built specifically for rear-projection movies opens in New York City.

The British Royal Navy sinks the German cruiser SMS Dresden off the coast of Chile during World War I.

Lakeview Gusher, the largest U.S. oil well gusher, begins in Kern County, California, eventually releasing 9 million barrels of crude oil.

The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing the United States currency on the gold standard.

The Mikado, a comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan, premieres at the Savoy Theatre in London, becoming one of their most popular works.

Albert Einstein was born, who would become one of the most influential physicists in history, best known for his theory of relativity.

Cardinal Giovanni Battista Caprara, the papal legate of Pope Pius VII, arrives in Paris to negotiate with Napoleon Bonaparte for the Concordat of 1801, an agreement aimed at consolidating the Catholic Church's position in Napoleonic France.

Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the cotton industry by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber.

Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard HMS Monarch for breach of the Articles of War after failing to relieve the besieged British garrison in the Battle of Minorca.

Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France, and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.

Battle of Ivry: Henry IV of France defeats the forces of the Catholic League under the Duke of Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion.

The Treaty of Guérande was signed, marking the end of the War of the Breton Succession. The treaty resulted in John IV being recognized as the Duke of Brittany by Charles V of France, with the promise of future homage to the French king, effectively restoring stability in the region.

The Battle of Fontenay occurred, a significant conflict in the Carolingian Civil War.

The Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine the Great and Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire.

Julius Caesar was assassinated on the Ides of March, which is often mistakenly thought to be March 14, but actually occurred on March 15. However, the events leading up to his assassination, including the conspiracy against him, were in full swing by March 14.