In History, Today on October 9

Pope Clement II dies, leading to the election of Pope Benedict IX for the third time.

The Korean Hangul alphabet was created by King Sejong the Great and his scholars, marking a significant cultural development in Korea.

Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII, married Louis XII of France, strengthening the political alliance between England and France.

Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views, leading to the founding of Rhode Island.

The Collegiate School of Connecticut, later renamed Yale University, was chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.

A group of Spanish missionaries established the Mission San Francisco de Asís in what is now San Francisco, California.

The Battle of Savannah during the American Revolutionary War results in a British victory.

Prussia declared war on France, leading to the War of the Fourth Coalition.

The Universal Postal Union was established in Bern, Switzerland, facilitating international mail exchange.

The Cincinnati Reds won the World Series, defeating the Chicago White Sox in what later became known as the Black Sox Scandal due to allegations of game-fixing.

King Alexander I of Yugoslavia was assassinated in Marseille, France, during a state visit, leading to political instability in Yugoslavia.

The Hoover Dam, originally known as Boulder Dam, is dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

John Lennon, English musician and member of The Beatles, is born.

Uganda gained independence from the United Kingdom, becoming a sovereign nation.

The Vajont Dam disaster occurred in Italy, resulting in a massive landslide and flood that killed around 2,000 people.

Che Guevara, the Argentine Marxist revolutionary, was executed in Bolivia after being captured by the Bolivian army.

A South Korean delegation was targeted in a bombing in Rangoon, Burma, by North Korean agents, killing 21 people.

The Fox Broadcasting Company was launched, becoming the fourth major American television network.

A meteorite weighing about 27 pounds struck a parked car in Peekskill, New York, becoming one of the most well-documented meteorite events in history.

The second wave of anthrax letters is mailed in the United States, targeting Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy.

North Korea conducted its first nuclear test, an underground detonation that drew widespread international condemnation and led to increased tensions in the region.

Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani schoolgirl and education activist, was shot in the head by Taliban gunmen while riding a bus home from school. She survived the attack and became a global advocate for girls' education.

The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.

The Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its decisive contribution to building a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011.

Hurricane Matthew causes widespread destruction in the southeastern United States, particularly in North Carolina, after devastating parts of the Caribbean.

The Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations are published by The New Yorker, leading to the #MeToo movement and significant changes in the entertainment industry.

Turkey launched a military operation into northeastern Syria, targeting Kurdish forces following the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the area. The operation led to significant geopolitical shifts in the region.