In History, Today on January 22

A major dam collapse in Brazil results in a mudslide, endangering lives and leading to a significant environmental disaster. It marks the beginning of extensive rescue and environmental efforts.

The United States government shutdown ended after three days, as the Senate voted to reopen the government following a temporary funding bill agreement.

A series of tornadoes struck the southeastern United States, causing significant damage and resulting in 20 fatalities.

Yemen's President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi resigned after Houthi rebels took control of the presidential palace.

Conan O'Brien hosted his final episode of 'The Tonight Show,' following a public dispute with NBC over the show's timeslot, which led to a reshuffling of the network's late-night lineup.

The European Parliament voted overwhelmingly to approve a report calling for the closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, citing human rights concerns.

Evo Morales was inaugurated as the first indigenous president of Bolivia, marking a significant shift in the country's political landscape and a move towards greater representation for indigenous peoples.

Kmart Corporation, the third-largest discount retailer in the world at the time, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, marking the largest retail bankruptcy in U.S. history up to that point.

Five people are killed and fourteen others are seriously injured when a car plows into a subway station entrance in Tokyo while being chased by police.

Rebel forces led by the National Patriotic Front of Liberia captured the capital city, Monrovia, during the First Liberian Civil War.

The Apple Macintosh, the first consumer computer with a graphical user interface, is introduced.

The U.S. Supreme Court delivers its decision in Roe v. Wade, legalizing abortion nationwide.

The Central Intelligence Group, the forerunner of the CIA, is established in the United States.

Operation Shingle, the Allied amphibious landing at Anzio, Italy, begins during World War II.

Ramsay MacDonald becomes the first Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

In St. Petersburg, Russia, a peaceful demonstration of workers led by Father Georgy Gapon was fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched to the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II, an event that became known as Bloody Sunday, sparking the Russian Revolution of 1905.

Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom dies, marking the end of the Victorian Era.

The Battle of Isandlwana takes place during the Anglo-Zulu War, resulting in a decisive Zulu victory over British forces.

Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her MD by the Geneva Medical College in New York, becoming the first woman in the United States to obtain a medical degree.

British colonists reach New Zealand, establishing the settlement of Wellington.

The Ashanti Empire defeats British forces in the Battle of Nsamankow during the First Anglo-Ashanti War.

The Portuguese royal family, led by Prince Regent John VI, arrives in Brazil to establish the Portuguese government in the colony amid the Napoleonic Wars.

George Rex was born, alleged son of King George III, who later became a noted figure in South African society as a leading settler at Knysna.

Spain cedes the Falkland Islands to Britain, ending a dispute over the islands.

Shivaji, a prominent Maratha leader, and Mughal general Jai Singh I signed the Treaty of Purandar, resulting in temporary peace between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire.

The Peace of Augsburg, a pivotal treaty which marked an agreement between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, was confirmed by the Protestant assembly held in Augsburg. Although the treaty was officially signed later in September of the same year, this January assembly played a key role in its formulation.

The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican to serve as the personal bodyguards of Pope Julius II.

The Battle of Baesweiler, a conflict between forces led by Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg, and William II, Duke of Jülich, commences near Baesweiler, present-day Germany.

The Council of Nablus was convened in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, establishing the earliest known laws of the Crusader states.

The Battle of Basing took place during the Viking invasions of England, where the forces of King Æthelred of Wessex were defeated by a Danish army.

The Eight Trigrams rebellion, led by Yang Xuangan, was suppressed by the Sui Dynasty in China.

Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I.