Muhammad’s Farewell Sermon - March 6, 632

On March 6, 632, during his final pilgrimage to Mecca, the Prophet Muhammad delivered what is known as the Farewell Sermon, or Khutbat al-Wada’. This sermon is considered one of the most significant speeches in Islamic history, as it encapsulates key principles of the Islamic faith and provides guidance for the Muslim community.

Context

• The Hajj of 632: This pilgrimage, known as the “Hajj al-Wada’” or the “Farewell Pilgrimage,” was the only Hajj performed by Muhammad after the migration to Medina. It was a pivotal moment as it marked the completion of the revelation of the Quran.
• Location: The sermon was delivered at Mount Arafat, a significant site in the Hajj rituals, where pilgrims gather to pray and reflect.

Key Principles Outlined in the Sermon

1. Equality and Brotherhood:

   • Muhammad emphasized the equality of all Muslims, regardless of race or ethnicity, stating that no Arab is superior to a non-Arab, and vice versa, except in piety and good action.
   • He called for the abolition of pre-Islamic practices of discrimination and tribalism.

2. Sanctity of Life and Property:

   • The sermon underscored the inviolability of life and property, comparing their sanctity to the sacredness of the day and place of the sermon.
   • Muhammad declared that all forms of usury (interest) were abolished, starting with debts owed to his own family.

3. Rights and Duties:

   • The rights of women were highlighted, urging men to treat their wives with kindness and respect, and reminding women of their duties.
   • He stressed the importance of fulfilling trusts and obligations.

4. Adherence to the Quran and Sunnah:

   • Muhammad urged the community to adhere strictly to the Quran and his teachings (Sunnah) as the primary sources of guidance.
   • He warned against deviating from these teachings after his death.

5. Unity of the Muslim Ummah:

   • The sermon called for unity among Muslims, emphasizing that they are one community under God.
   • He advised against internal strife and division.

Aftermath and Significance

• Completion of the Message: The Farewell Sermon is seen as the culmination of Muhammad’s prophetic mission, summarizing the core tenets of Islam.
• Legacy: The principles laid out in the sermon continue to influence Islamic thought and practice, serving as a moral and ethical guide for Muslims worldwide.
• Historical Impact: The sermon reinforced the social and legal reforms introduced by Islam, promoting justice, equality, and community cohesion.

Muhammad’s Farewell Sermon remains a foundational text in Islam, revered for its timeless message of justice, equality, and devotion to God. It serves as a reminder of the Prophet’s vision for a just and harmonious society.