Inaugural Meeting of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Historical Context

The AFL was established during an era of substantial industrial growth and labor unrest in the United States. The late 19th century saw a rise in manufacturing and industrial jobs, leading to a surge in labor organization activity. Workers faced long hours, low wages, and unsafe working conditions, prompting the formation of various labor unions aiming to address these issues through collective action.

Formation on December 8, 1886

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) held its inaugural meeting on December 8, 1886, in Columbus, Ohio. This meeting marked the formal establishment of the AFL, a national federation of labor unions aimed at unifying disparate and smaller labor groups to gain greater bargaining power and efficacy in advocating for workers’ rights.

Key Objectives

The AFL focused on organizing skilled workers into national unions consisting of others in the same trade. This approach was distinct from other labor organizations of the time, such as the Knights of Labor, which sought to include all workers within a single umbrella. The AFL’s strategy allowed it to concentrate on specific issues pertinent to skilled laborers.

Leadership and Structure

Samuel Gompers, a labor leader of Dutch-Jewish descent who had previously led the Cigar Makers’ International Union, was elected as the AFL’s first president. Under Gompers’ leadership, the AFL emphasized the importance of collective bargaining and working within the existing political and economic systems to achieve labor goals.

Significance

The AFL’s establishment was pivotal in the history of labor organization in the United States. It provided a cohesive voice advocating for improved wages, working hours, and conditions for skilled workers. At its zenith, the AFL became one of the most influential labor organizations in the country, playing a crucial role in the labor movement’s legislative and political spheres.

Legacy and Influence

Over the years, the AFL maintained a focus on tangible worker-related objectives and avoided broader social reform agendas. This practical approach helped solidify its influence and membership, allowing it to weather changing industrial landscapes and maintain relevance into the 20th century.