Founding of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

On July 8, 1905, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), often referred to as the “Wobblies,” was founded in Chicago, Illinois. This ambitious labor organization aimed to unite all workers across various industries into a single, powerful union. The IWW sought to challenge the capitalist system and address the harsh conditions faced by industrial workers at the time.

Context and Background

By the early 20th century, industrial workers in the United States were experiencing severe exploitation, with long hours, low wages, and unsafe working conditions being the norm. Labor movements had taken many forms, but traditional unions were often sector-specific and sometimes discriminatory, excluding immigrants and non-skilled laborers.

Founding Convention

The founding convention of the IWW took place over several days in June 1905, culminating in its official establishment on July 8. Convened at Brand’s Hall in Chicago, the meeting attracted prominent labor activists and socialists, including Eugene V. Debs, Bill Haywood, and Mary Harris “Mother” Jones. The convention brought together over 200 socialists, anarchists, and radical trade unionists, who shared a vision of uniting the working class into “One Big Union.”

Principles and Goals

The IWW was distinguished by its radical agenda. It rejected the idea of craft-based or trade-specific unions in favor of organizing workers by industry, regardless of specific skills or job types. The organization promoted direct action, aiming to wield collective bargaining power and, ultimately, facilitate worker control over production means. Its motto, “An injury to one is an injury to all,” encapsulated its commitment to solidarity.

Impact and Legacy

The IWW played a significant role in the labor movement, advocating for workers’ rights and influencing labor policies even beyond its membership. It led several successful strikes and organized efforts, notably in industries like mining and logging, where organizers introduced innovative tactics like sit-ins and strikes. Despite facing significant opposition from employers and often being suppressed by government authorities, the IWW’s radical legacy endures, embodying a major chapter in the history of labor rights and social justice.