April 17, 1984: “Advance Australia Fair” Officially Adopted as Australia’s National Anthem

On April 17, 1984, “Advance Australia Fair” was officially proclaimed as the national anthem of Australia, replacing “God Save the Queen.” This represented a significant step in the expression of Australia’s national identity and autonomy, further distancing the country’s cultural symbols from its colonial past.

Background

1. Historical Context:

   • Since its federation in 1901, Australia had used “God Save the Queen” (or “King,” depending on the reigning monarch) as its national anthem.
   • The move to adopt a distinct national anthem was part of a wider trend towards establishing a unique Australian identity, reflecting a desire for independence and self-definition.

2. Development of “Advance Australia Fair”:

   • Composed by Peter Dodds McCormick, “Advance Australia Fair” was first performed in 1878.
   • Over the decades, it gained popularity during public events and celebrations as an unofficial anthem.

Process Toward Adoption

1. Public Debate and Polling:

   • The question of adopting a national anthem was discussed periodically, gaining momentum notably in the 1970s.
   • A national poll in 1977 under the Fraser Government asked Australians to choose among “Advance Australia Fair,” “Waltzing Matilda,” “Song of Australia,” and “God Save the Queen.” “Advance Australia Fair” emerged as the preferred choice.

2. Official Adoption:

   • The Labor Government, led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke, proclaimed “Advance Australia Fair” as the national anthem in April 1984.
   • Concurrently, “God Save the Queen” was retained for use during royal and vice-regal occasions.

Significance and Impact

1. Cultural Identity:

   • Adopting “Advance Australia Fair” reflected Australia’s growing sense of nationhood and its evolution as an independent, multicultural society.
   • The anthem’s lyrics and tone emphasize unity and national pride, resonating with the Australian population and its values.

2. Critiques and Responses:

   • Some Australians expressed concerns over the anthem’s perceived lack of enthusiasm compared to other options, an ongoing debate existing even today.
   • Modifications were considered in various contexts, including the successful alteration of the word “young” to “one,” emphasizing inclusivity of Australia’s Indigenous history in 2021.

The proclamation of “Advance Australia Fair” as the national anthem on April 17, 1984, stands as a landmark moment in Australia’s cultural and national development, symbolizing a shift towards asserting a distinct identity separate from British colonial influences.