In History, Today on November 20

Edward I becomes King of England, although he is not crowned until August 19, 1274.

New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights.

An 80-ton sperm whale attacks and sinks the Essex, a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts, an event that inspired Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick.

The Nuremberg Trials began, marking the first time in history that an international tribunal was used to prosecute war crimes. Twenty-four high-ranking Nazi officials were put on trial for crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other offenses committed during World War II.

Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen Elizabeth II, married Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh, at Westminster Abbey in London. The wedding was a significant post-war event, symbolizing hope and renewal for the British people.

The Cuban Missile Crisis officially ended when Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba, and the United States, led by President John F. Kennedy, agreed to remove American missiles from Turkey, thus averting a potential nuclear conflict.

The occupation of Alcatraz Island by the group Indians of All Tribes begins, lasting for 19 months.

Grand Mosque seizure: About 200 Sunni Muslim insurgents seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, taking hostages and causing a two-week siege.

Microsoft Corporation released the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0, marking a significant milestone in personal computing by introducing a graphical user interface to the MS-DOS operating system.

The first module of the International Space Station (ISS), Zarya, was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. This marked the beginning of the construction of the ISS, a collaborative project involving multiple countries and space agencies.

Michael Jackson was arrested on charges of child molestation. The case gained significant media attention and led to a highly publicized trial.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN successfully circulated two beams simultaneously for the first time, marking a significant milestone in particle physics.

Mali hotel attack: Gunmen took 170 hostages at the Radisson Blu hotel in Bamako, Mali, resulting in the deaths of 20 people. The attack was claimed by the militant group Al-Mourabitoun.

The Dakota Access Pipeline protests intensified as law enforcement used water cannons on protesters in freezing temperatures at the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.

The US House of Representatives held the first public impeachment hearings against President Donald Trump, focusing on his dealings with Ukraine.

Pfizer and BioNTech submitted an application to the U.S. FDA for Emergency Use Authorization of their COVID-19 vaccine.