In History, Today on March 12

India's defense deal with Russia during the Ukraine invasion comes under scrutiny by global actors, including the United States, as India's ongoing military relationship with Russia diverges from Western sanctions.

The Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court suspended former President Donald Trump's personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, from practicing law after ruling that he made false statements while trying to overturn the 2020 presidential election results.

The United Kingdom Parliament voted to reject Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit deal for the second time, increasing uncertainty over the UK's departure from the European Union.

The search for Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370, which disappeared on March 8, 2014, continued with international efforts focusing on the southern Indian Ocean.

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant experienced a partial meltdown following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan, leading to a nuclear disaster.

The European Parliament voted to scrap the national veto for police and judicial cooperation on crime, a significant step towards deeper European integration.

The Republic of China (Taiwan) held its third direct presidential election, with Chen Shui-bian winning a second term in office.

The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert about a new infectious disease, later known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), marking the beginning of a major international health crisis.

North Korea announces its withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

'Dennis the Menace' comic strip by Hank Ketcham debuts in 16 newspapers in the United States.

U.S. President Harry S. Truman announces the Truman Doctrine, pledging American support for countries resisting communism.

Nazi Germany invades Austria in the Anschluss, leading to its annexation.

Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers his first 'Fireside Chat' to the American public, explaining the banking crisis.

Mahatma Gandhi begins the Salt March, a 240-mile protest against the British salt tax in India.

Canberra is officially named as the capital of Australia.

The Girl Scouts of the USA was founded by Juliette Gordon Low in Savannah, Georgia, aiming to empower young girls and promote leadership.

Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Andrew Watson became the world's first black international football captain, leading Scotland to a 6-1 victory against England.

The Great Sheffield Flood occurs in England, resulting in the deaths of over 240 people when the Dale Dyke Dam bursts.

A portion of the Cherokee Nation began the forced journey known as the 'Trail of Tears'. The removal of the Cherokees was part of a series of relocations ordered by the U.S. government through policies like the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This tragic event resulted in the suffering and deaths of thousands of Cherokee.

Austria declared war on France, signaling the start of the War of the Second Coalition.

The First steam engine in America was used, marking a significant technological advancement.

Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), are canonized as saints by the Catholic Church.

The Bermuda Islands became an English colony following the wreck of the Sea Venture, a ship of the Virginia Company, which led to the settlement of the islands.

The Sakoku Edict was put in effect under Tokugawa Ieyasu, restricting foreign trade in Japan.

Jewish people were expelled from Carintha, Austria.

The University of Vienna is founded by Duke Rudolph IV of Austria.

Urban II was elected as Pope, succeeding Gregory VII, and would become instrumental in the launch of the First Crusade.

Pope Gregory I, also known as Gregory the Great, dies. He was instrumental in the early medieval church, known for his writings and the Gregorian Chant.

The Ostrogothic king Vitiges surrendered to the Byzantine general Belisarius, effectively ending the Siege of Rome. This event was part of the Gothic War (535–554) between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.