In History, Today on September 7

The Battle of Arsuf took place during the Third Crusade, where Richard I of England defeated Saladin's forces.

Elizabeth I of England was born, who would later become one of the most significant monarchs in English history.

The world's first submarine attack took place during the American Revolutionary War, when the American submersible Turtle attempted to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle.

The Battle of Borodino was fought between Napoleon's Grande Armée and the Russian army, one of the bloodiest battles of the Napoleonic Wars.

Brazil declared its independence from Portugal, marking the beginning of the Empire of Brazil.

The Boxer Rebellion in China officially ended with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.

The Blitz began as Nazi Germany started a sustained bombing campaign against London during World War II.

The Torrijos-Carter Treaties were signed, guaranteeing Panama control over the Panama Canal after 1999.

Hurricane Ivan, a Category 5 hurricane, makes landfall in Grenada, causing widespread destruction and leading to significant loss of life and property damage.

Egypt holds its first multi-candidate presidential election, marking a significant political development in the country's history, although the election process faced criticism for lack of fairness.

A magnitude 7.1 earthquake strikes the South Island of New Zealand, causing significant damage in the city of Christchurch and leading to a series of aftershocks.

The International Olympic Committee awards Tokyo the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics, marking the second time the city will host the games.

A powerful 8.2 magnitude earthquake strikes off the southern coast of Mexico, the strongest to hit the country in a century, resulting in significant casualties and damage.

El Salvador becomes the first country in the world to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender, a controversial move that sparks global debate about the future of cryptocurrency.