In History, Today on September 30

Henry Bolingbroke is proclaimed King Henry IV of England, marking the beginning of the Lancastrian dynasty.

The first performance of Mozart's opera 'The Magic Flute' takes place in Vienna, Austria.

Anesthetic ether is used for the first time by American dentist Dr. William Morton during a tooth extraction.

The world's first hydroelectric power plant begins operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin.

The Munich Agreement is signed by Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, allowing Nazi Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.

The World Series is televised for the first time, with the New York Yankees playing against the Brooklyn Dodgers.

James Meredith became the first African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi, an event that required federal intervention to enforce.

A failed coup in Indonesia led to a violent anti-communist purge, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 500,000 people.

Botswana gains independence from the United Kingdom, with Seretse Khama as its first President.

The Hughes (later Howard) Corporation was founded, marking the beginning of a major real estate development company.

Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, and Xerox introduce the DIX standard for Ethernet, which becomes the basis for IEEE 802.3.

The USS Harlan County was withdrawn from a planned peacekeeping mission in Haiti after being confronted by armed supporters of the military regime.

The controversial Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 editorial cartoons depicting the Islamic prophet Muhammad, sparking global protests and debates over freedom of speech and respect for religious beliefs.

The Colombian government and the FARC rebel group signed a historic peace agreement to end over 50 years of conflict, although it was later rejected in a national referendum.

A powerful earthquake struck the Molucca Sea in Indonesia, causing significant damage and resulting in casualties.