In History, Today on September 29

The Battle of Auray took place during the Breton War of Succession, resulting in a decisive victory for John de Montfort, who secured the Duchy of Brittany.

The Duke of Alba, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, established the Council of Troubles in the Netherlands, which became known as the 'Council of Blood' due to its harsh repression of Protestant dissenters.

The U.S. Department of War was established, later becoming the Department of Defense, marking a significant step in organizing the United States' military forces.

The Metropolitan Police of London, the first modern police force, began operations under the leadership of Sir Robert Peel.

The Munich Agreement was signed by Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, allowing Nazi Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was established, becoming one of the world's largest and most respected centers for scientific research.

Pope John Paul II became the first pope to visit Ireland, addressing a crowd of over a million people in Phoenix Park, Dublin.

NASA launched the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-26, marking the return to flight after the Challenger disaster in 1986.

The YF-22, which would later become the F-22 Raptor, made its first flight. This advanced tactical fighter aircraft was developed by Lockheed Martin and became a key component of the United States Air Force.

The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passed within four lunar distances of Earth, providing a significant opportunity for scientific observation.

Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 collides with an Embraer Legacy 600 business jet and crashes in the Amazon rainforest, killing all 154 people on board.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 777.68 points, the largest single-day point drop at the time, following the rejection of the bank bailout bill by the U.S. House of Representatives.

A series of earthquakes struck Pakistan, with the most significant being a 6.8 magnitude quake in Balochistan, causing significant damage and loss of life.

NASA announced the discovery of liquid water on Mars, a breakthrough in the search for extraterrestrial life and understanding of the planet's geology.

The first commercial flight from the United States to Cuba in over 50 years lands in Havana, marking a significant step in the thawing of U.S.-Cuba relations.

A mass protest in Hong Kong saw tens of thousands of demonstrators defy a police ban, continuing months of pro-democracy protests.