In History, Today on September 25

The United Kingdom's Supreme Court rules that Prime Minister Boris Johnson's decision to prorogue Parliament was unlawful.

Bill Cosby was sentenced to three to ten years in prison for sexual assault, marking a significant moment in the #MeToo movement.

The United Nations General Assembly adopts the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The United Nations Security Council held a meeting on the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, declaring it a threat to international peace and security.

King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia granted women the right to vote and run in future elections, marking a significant policy change in the kingdom's political landscape.

China launches Shenzhou 7, its third human spaceflight mission, which included the country's first spacewalk.

The military junta in Myanmar cracked down on the pro-democracy protests led by Buddhist monks, known as the Saffron Revolution.

Hurricane Rita made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane at the Texas-Louisiana border, causing major flooding and damage.

The European Space Agency's SMART-1 spacecraft is launched. It was the first European mission to the Moon, designed to test new propulsion and communication technologies.

The last of the Magdalen Asylums, Ireland's notorious institutions for so-called 'fallen women,' are closed.

NASA launches Mars Observer to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, and climate. Unfortunately, contact with the spacecraft was lost in 1993.

The Soviet Union's nuclear early warning system falsely detected an incoming missile strike from the United States, but Stanislav Petrov, a Soviet Air Defence Forces officer, correctly assessed the situation as a false alarm.

Sandra Day O'Connor was sworn in as the first female justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

The Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182 collided with a private Cessna aircraft over San Diego, California, resulting in the deaths of 144 people in one of the deadliest air disasters in U.S. history.

The first flight of the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, an American twin-engine, all-weather tactical fighter aircraft designed by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing).

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is formally declared. Ferhat Abbas is appointed as the President of Algeria.

Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, was integrated following the intervention of federal troops. This event was a significant moment in the American Civil Rights Movement, highlighting the federal government's role in enforcing desegregation.

The first transatlantic telephone cable system, TAT-1, was inaugurated, providing a direct telephone link between North America and Europe.

Operation Market Garden ended, a failed Allied attempt to capture bridges in the Netherlands to facilitate an advance into Germany.

An explosion occurred at the Banner Coal Mine in Banner, Illinois, resulting in the deaths of eight miners.

The United States Congress established Sequoia National Park, the second national park in the U.S., to protect the giant sequoia trees.

The first-ever human blood transfusion using human blood was performed by British obstetrician James Blundell, marking a significant milestone in medical history.

The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified by the state of New Hampshire, ensuring its adoption. The Amendment revised the procedure for electing the President and Vice President.

Peking University, the oldest Chinese language university, was established in Beijing.

The United States Congress proposed the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which were designed to protect individual liberties.

Ethan Allen was captured by British forces during the Battle of Longue-Pointe, near Montreal, in the American Revolutionary War.

The Treaty of Den Haag was signed, an agreement between England and the Netherlands against France, during the War of the Grand Alliance.

The Peace of Augsburg was signed, ending the conflict between Catholic and Lutheran rulers in the Holy Roman Empire.

Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first European to see it from the New World, after crossing the Isthmus of Panama.

The Battle of Nicopolis, a major conflict during the Crusades where Christian forces faced the Ottoman Empire, took place. The battle ended in a significant defeat for the Christian knights and their allies.

The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place, where King Harold II of England defeated the invading forces of King Harald Hardrada of Norway, marking the end of the Viking Age in England.

Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, dies. His kingdom is divided between his sons Charlemagne and Carloman I, setting the stage for the Carolingian Empire.

The Abbasid Caliphate defeats the Umayyad forces at the Battle of al-Musayfirah, consolidating their control over the region.

The Roman Emperor Diocletian issues a decree that begins the persecution of Christians in the Eastern Roman Empire.

The Roman Emperor Aurelian is assassinated by his own troops, leading to a brief period of instability in the Roman Empire.