In History, Today on August 9

The presidential election in Belarus took place, leading to widespread protests against the alleged electoral fraud by President Alexander Lukashenko.

The Indian government formally revoked Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which granted special autonomy to the region of Jammu and Kashmir. The move was met with widespread condemnation from various parties within India and neighboring Pakistan, escalating tensions in the region.

The 2016 Summer Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, marking the first time the Olympics were held in South America.

The shooting of Michael Brown, an 18-year-old African American, by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri, sparked protests and a national debate on race and policing in the United States.

The European Central Bank injected €95 billion into the banking system to ease liquidity concerns, marking the beginning of the global financial crisis.

U.S. President George W. Bush announced his decision to limit federal funding for research on embryonic stem cells to existing stem cell lines.

The Russian nuclear submarine Kursk sank during a naval exercise in the Barents Sea. A series of internal explosions led to the tragedy, resulting in the loss of all 118 crew members aboard.

Jerry Garcia, the frontman of the legendary band Grateful Dead, passes away at the age of 53.

The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan lost a 38-year hold on national leadership.

Richard Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign from office, following the Watergate scandal.

Singapore separated from Malaysia and became an independent republic.

The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan, leading to Japan's surrender in World War II.

The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was established to provide aid to areas liberated from Axis powers during World War II.

Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces, marking the beginning of the Quit India Movement, a mass protest demanding an end to British rule in India.

Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark were crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Rudolf Diesel was granted a U.S. patent for the diesel engine, a pivotal development in mechanical engineering due to its efficiency and power.

Thomas Edison received a patent for his two-way telegraph, further advancing communication technology during the late 19th century.

The inaugural meeting of the American Bar Association was held. This legal organization was formed to improve the standards of the legal profession and promote justice.

The Webster–Ashburton Treaty was signed, resolving border issues between the United States and British North America (now Canada).

The Treaty of Fort Jackson is signed, ending the Creek War.

The Columbia returned to Boston Harbor after a three-year voyage, becoming the first American ship to circumnavigate the globe.

The Siege of Maastricht ends as French forces under Louis XIV capture the city during the Franco-Dutch War.

The Sistine Chapel in Vatican City was consecrated by Pope Sixtus IV. The chapel, named after Sixtus IV, has since become one of the most famous religious and cultural sites in the world, particularly renowned for its ceiling painted by Michelangelo.

The Treaty of Brétigny, negotiated between England and France as part of the series of treaties ending the first phase of the Hundred Years' War, was returned to Edward III of England after John II of France was released back to English captivity. This treaty marked a significant point in the war, although its terms were unstable and contributed to further conflict.

Construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa began.

The First Bulgarian Empire was officially recognized by the Byzantine Empire through the signing of a peace treaty, marking the establishment of Bulgaria as a significant power in the Balkans.

The Battle of Adrianople took place, where the Roman army, led by Emperor Valens, was defeated by the Visigoths. This battle is considered one of the pivotal events leading to the eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire.

The Battle of Pharsalus was fought during Pompey the Great's civil war. It was a decisive engagement resulting in Julius Caesar's victory over the forces of Pompey.