In History, Today on August 22

The Battle of the Standard took place near Northallerton in Yorkshire, England, during the civil war known as The Anarchy. English forces led by William of Aumale defeated the Scottish army under King David I of Scotland.

The Battle of Bosworth Field took place, marking the end of the Wars of the Roses. Richard III was defeated by Henry Tudor, who became King Henry VII of England.

King Charles I of England raised his standard at Nottingham, marking the beginning of the English Civil War.

James Cook claimed the eastern coast of Australia for Great Britain, naming it New South Wales.

The Haitian Revolution began as a slave uprising in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which eventually led to the establishment of Haiti as the first independent black republic.

The Second Federal Republic of Mexico was established after the fall of the First Mexican Republic.

The First Geneva Convention was adopted, establishing the rules for the treatment of wounded soldiers and the protection of medical personnel during war.

The Cadillac Motor Company was founded by Henry Leland and named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.

Korea was annexed by Japan with the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty, beginning a period of Japanese rule that lasted until the end of World War II.

During World War II, German troops reached Leningrad, beginning the Siege of Leningrad, which would last for 872 days.

An assassination attempt was made on French President Charles de Gaulle by the OAS, a French dissident paramilitary organization.

Nolan Ryan struck out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5,000 strikeouts.

Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore is suspended for refusing to remove a Ten Commandments monument from the Alabama Judicial Building, sparking a national debate over the separation of church and state.

The 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, sees the United States men's basketball team defeated by Lithuania, marking a significant upset in Olympic basketball history.

Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near Donetsk, Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.

Hurricane Dean makes landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula as a Category 5 storm, causing widespread damage in Mexico and the Caribbean.

The Curiosity rover, part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, successfully performs its first test drive on the surface of Mars.

Syrian opposition claims that a chemical weapons attack occurred in the Ghouta region, leading to international condemnation and discussions about military intervention.

A gunman opens fire on a Thalys train traveling from Amsterdam to Paris, but is subdued by passengers, preventing a potential massacre.

The United States Navy relieves Vice Admiral Joseph Aucoin of his command of the Seventh Fleet following a series of collisions involving its ships, including the USS John S. McCain.