In History, Today on August 2

The United States announced that it had completed the withdrawal of its troops from Afghanistan's Bagram Airfield, marking a significant step in the end of the U.S. military presence in the country.

NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken return to Earth aboard SpaceX's Crew Dragon, completing the first crewed orbital spaceflight launched from the U.S. since 2011.

The United States officially withdraws from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, a key arms control agreement with Russia dating from the Cold War, after accusing Russia of violating the treaty.

Apple Inc. became the first publicly traded U.S. company to reach a $1 trillion market capitalization.

The United States Senate confirmed Christopher A. Wray as the new Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

The United Nations announced that the number of refugees fleeing South Sudan had reached over 60,000, following renewed violence in the country.

The 2014 Commonwealth Games concluded in Glasgow, Scotland, with England topping the medal table for the first time since 1986.

Russian explorers plant a flag on the seabed under the North Pole to bolster Moscow's claim to the mineral-rich polar region.

Air France Flight 358 crashes at Toronto Pearson International Airport after overshooting the runway. All 309 passengers and crew survive, though 12 are seriously injured.

Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to the Gulf War, a major conflict that involved a coalition of forces led by the United States to liberate Kuwait.

Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashed while approaching Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport due to a microburst-induced wind shear, killing 137 people.

The Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred, involving a confrontation between North Vietnamese and United States naval forces, leading to the escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

The Potsdam Conference concluded, where Allied leaders met to discuss the post-World War II order in Europe. The conference resulted in the Potsdam Agreement, which outlined the administration of Germany and the establishment of post-war order.

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ended with the destruction of the ghetto by German forces, a significant event in the history of Jewish resistance during the Holocaust.

Adolf Hitler became the Führer of Germany after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg, consolidating his power and marking a pivotal moment in Nazi Germany's history.

Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as the 30th President of the United States following the death of President Warren G. Harding while on a speaking tour.

A typhoon hit Shantou, China, killing more than 50,000 people, one of the deadliest natural disasters in the region's history.

The Boulton and Watt engine built for Whitbread's Brewery in London was stopped, having become possibly the oldest working steam engine at that time and representing the early power of steam technology in the industrial age.

Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opened in London, marking a significant development in urban transportation.

The United Kingdom and the United States signed the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty, which resolves some territorial disputes between the two countries, particularly regarding Central America and the construction of any future canal across the Isthmus of Panama.

The Austrian army led by General Julius Jacob von Haynau captures Brescia in Italy, marking a decisive victory during the First Italian War of Independence.

The First Reform Act receives Royal Assent in the United Kingdom, reforming the electoral system by redistributing seats in England and Wales.

Charles X of France abdicates in favor of his grandson, Henri, Count of Chambord, following the July Revolution.

Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed 'First Consul for Life' after the results of a plebiscite ratifying a new constitution that consolidates his power.

The first United States Census was conducted, providing a population count of nearly 4 million people.

The United States Declaration of Independence was signed by most of the Continental Congress members, marking a formal assertion of independence from British rule.

During the Wars of Religion in France, King Henry III of France is assassinated by a monk named Jacques Clément.

Spanish Jews were expelled by the Alhambra Decree, following an order issued by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, leading to the diaspora of the Jewish community from Spain.

Enthronement of Emperor Kōmyō as the pretender emperor of Japan.

King William II of England, also known as William Rufus, was killed by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest. His death led to his younger brother Henry I ascending to the English throne.

The Battle of Chaeronea occurred, where Philip II of Macedon defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes, marking the rise of Macedonian power in Greece.

The Battle of Lugdunum took place, where Roman Emperor Caracalla defeated his brother Geta's supporters, consolidating his power over the Roman Empire.