In History, Today on July 5

Isaac Newton's 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' was published, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics.

Venezuela declared independence from Spain, marking the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence.

The Salvation Army was founded in London by William and Catherine Booth.

Spam, the canned meat product, was introduced by Hormel Foods Corporation.

The bikini, a modern two-piece swimsuit, was introduced by French designer Louis Réard at a fashion event in Paris.

The Battle of Osan, the first engagement between American and North Korean forces during the Korean War, took place.

Elvis Presley recorded his first single, 'That's All Right,' at Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, marking the beginning of his career.

Cape Verde gained independence from Portugal after a long struggle for decolonization.

Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, was born at the Roslin Institute in Scotland.

The Xinjiang riots erupted in Urumqi, the capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China, leading to significant ethnic violence between Uyghurs and Han Chinese, resulting in numerous deaths and injuries.

The world's first artificial organ transplant was performed, using an artificial windpipe coated with stem cells, at the Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden.

The Shard, the tallest building in the European Union at the time, was officially opened in London, United Kingdom.

The Juno spacecraft, launched by NASA, successfully entered orbit around Jupiter, marking a significant milestone in the study of the gas giant and its moons.

The Thai cave rescue operation continued as divers worked to save a youth soccer team and their coach trapped in the Tham Luang cave complex, drawing international attention and assistance.