In History, Today on July 21

The Battle of Shrewsbury took place, marking a significant conflict in the English civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. King Henry IV's forces defeated the rebel army led by Henry 'Hotspur' Percy.

The French forces attempted to invade England during the Italian War of 1542–1546, leading to the Battle of the Solent. The English navy successfully repelled the French fleet.

The Battle of the Pyramids took place during Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign. French forces defeated the Mamluk rulers of Egypt, leading to French control over the region.

Leopold I was inaugurated as the first King of the Belgians, marking the beginning of the Kingdom of Belgium.

The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was fought in Virginia. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory.

The Scopes Trial, also known as the Scopes Monkey Trial, concluded in Dayton, Tennessee. John T. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee's Butler Act.

Neil Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon during NASA's Apollo 11 mission, marking a significant achievement in space exploration.

The Aswan High Dam in Egypt was completed, providing significant benefits in terms of flood control, irrigation, and hydroelectric power, but also causing environmental and archaeological concerns.

The Genoa Group of Eight (G8) summit concluded in Genoa, Italy, amid widespread protests against globalization and the policies of the G8 nations.

The final book in the Harry Potter series, 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,' was released, marking the end of a significant era in literature and popular culture.

NASA's Space Shuttle program officially ended with the landing of Atlantis on mission STS-135, concluding a 30-year era of shuttle missions.

The 2019 Japanese House of Councillors election took place, with the ruling Liberal Democratic Party maintaining a majority.

Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, successfully flew to space aboard Blue Origin's New Shepard rocket, marking a significant moment in commercial space travel.