In History, Today on July 21

Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, successfully flew to space aboard Blue Origin's New Shepard rocket, marking a significant moment in commercial space travel.

The 2019 Japanese House of Councillors election took place, with the ruling Liberal Democratic Party maintaining a majority.

NASA's Space Shuttle program officially ended with the landing of Atlantis on mission STS-135, concluding a 30-year era of shuttle missions.

The final book in the Harry Potter series, 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,' was released, marking the end of a significant era in literature and popular culture.

A 6.6 magnitude earthquake struck the northern Algeria region, causing widespread panic but minor damage.

The Genoa Group of Eight (G8) summit concluded in Genoa, Italy, amid widespread protests against globalization and the policies of the G8 nations.

Damascus was struck by a pipeline explosion, resulting in significant fire damage and highlighting the vulnerabilities in Syria's energy infrastructure.

Tony Blair was elected leader of the British Labour Party, eventually becoming Prime Minister in 1997.

The lowest temperature on Earth was recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica, at −89.2°C (−128.6°F).

The Aswan High Dam in Egypt was completed, providing significant benefits in terms of flood control, irrigation, and hydroelectric power, but also causing environmental and archaeological concerns.

Neil Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon during NASA's Apollo 11 mission, marking a significant achievement in space exploration.

The Battle of Guam commenced during World War II as American forces began their assault to retake the island from Japanese control.

The Scopes Trial, also known as the Scopes Monkey Trial, concluded in Dayton, Tennessee. John T. Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee's Butler Act.

The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was fought in Virginia. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory.

Leopold I was inaugurated as the first King of the Belgians, marking the beginning of the Kingdom of Belgium.

The Battle of the Pyramids took place during Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign. French forces defeated the Mamluk rulers of Egypt, leading to French control over the region.

The Treaty of Passarowitz was signed, concluding the Austro-Turkish and Venetian- Turkish Wars of 1716-1718. The treaty marked the end of hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and Austria, with significant territorial changes in favor of Austria.

The French forces attempted to invade England during the Italian War of 1542–1546, leading to the Battle of the Solent. The English navy successfully repelled the French fleet.

The Battle of Shrewsbury took place, marking a significant conflict in the English civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. King Henry IV's forces defeated the rebel army led by Henry 'Hotspur' Percy.

Godfrey of Bouillon is elected as the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem after the capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade.

The 365 Crete earthquake occurred, also known as the 365 AD earthquake, affecting the Eastern Mediterranean. It is believed to have caused a major series of tsunamis that struck the coasts of Libya, Egypt, and Greece, resulting in widespread destruction and a significant loss of life.

The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was destroyed by arson committed by Herostratus.

Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, effectively making him co-emperor of the Roman Empire.