In History, Today on July 19

The Mary Rose, a warship of the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII, sank in the Solent during an engagement with the French fleet.

Mary I was proclaimed Queen of England, deposing Lady Jane Grey.

The first Women's Rights Convention began in Seneca Falls, New York, marking the start of the organized women's rights movement in the United States.

France declared war on Prussia, initiating the Franco-Prussian War.

The first line of the Paris Métro, Line 1, was inaugurated, marking a significant development in urban public transportation.

Adolf Hitler ordered the postponement of the invasion of Great Britain, known as Operation Sea Lion, during World War II.

Joe Walker flew a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet), becoming the first human to enter space twice.

The Sandinista National Liberation Front overthrew the Somoza dictatorship in Nicaragua, marking the end of the Nicaraguan Revolution.

The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT scan was published, marking a milestone in medical imaging technology.

The Val di Stava dam collapse occurred in Italy, resulting in the deaths of 268 people and causing significant destruction in the surrounding area.

A car bomb exploded in the city of Milan, Italy, killing Judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his police escort, an event that was part of the larger Mafia-related violence in Italy.

The first successful launch of the Boeing Delta IV Heavy rocket took place, marking a significant advancement in space exploration technology.

Syrian Civil War: A bombing in Damascus killed several high-ranking Syrian government officials, including the defense minister, marking a significant escalation in the conflict.

Detroit filed for bankruptcy, becoming the largest municipal bankruptcy filing in U.S. history at the time, highlighting the city's financial struggles.

The International Olympic Committee announced that Russia would not face a blanket ban from the Rio 2016 Olympics despite evidence of state-sponsored doping, sparking controversy.

Israel passed the Nation-State Bill, defining the country as the nation-state of the Jewish people, which sparked significant debate and controversy both domestically and internationally.