In History, Today on November 10

Meta Platforms announced it would cut more than 11,000 jobs, or 13% of its workforce, as part of its strategy to become a leaner organization amid falling revenue.

The United States reported its highest number of COVID-19 hospitalizations since early October, marking a concerning rise as the winter season approached.

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia signed a peace deal to end the six-week war over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, with Russian peacekeepers deployed to the area.

The United States elected Donald Trump as the 45th President, following a contentious and highly publicized election campaign.

The European Space Agency's Philae lander, part of the Rosetta mission, successfully landed on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, marking the first time a spacecraft landed on a comet.

UC Davis Chancellor Linda Katehi authorized police to remove Occupy UC Davis protesters, which would lead to the infamous pepper spray incident on November 18.

The United States Marine Corps launched Operation Cobra's Anger in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan, aimed at disrupting Taliban supply lines and communications.

The European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft made a flyby of asteroid 2867 Šteins, providing valuable data and images of the asteroid.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution establishing the International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict, highlighting the environmental impact of warfare.

A memorial ceremony took place at the National Museum of the Marine Corps for the dedication of the museum in honor of all U.S. Marines, past, present, and future.

World Trade Organization (WTO) members formally approved China's entry into the organization, marking a significant step in China's integration into the global economy.

In Nigeria, environmental and human rights activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight others are executed by the military government after a controversial trial, sparking international outrage.

Bill Gates introduced Windows 1.0, the first version of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems.

The SS Edmund Fitzgerald, an American Great Lakes freighter, sank during a storm on Lake Superior, resulting in the loss of all 29 crew members on board.

The Great Wall of China was opened to the public for the first time.

Sesame Street, a pioneering children's television program, premiered on the National Educational Television network in the United States, becoming a significant cultural and educational influence.

The Hope Diamond is donated to the Smithsonian Institution by jeweler Harry Winston.

Direct-dial coast-to-coast telephone service began in the United States.

Walt Disney's animated film 'Fantasia' premiered in New York City, introducing stereophonic sound to motion pictures.

Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, occurred in Nazi Germany, where Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues were attacked, marking a significant escalation in the Nazi persecution of Jews.

Hirohito was enthroned as Emperor of Japan, marking the beginning of the Shōwa era.

The Western Union Cable Office received an uncoded cable from Germany requesting a ceasefire to negotiate an armistice during World War I. This request set in motion the events leading to the signing of the Armistice on November 11, 1918, effectively ending the fighting on the Western Front.

Journalist Henry Morton Stanley found missionary and explorer David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, famously greeting him with the words 'Dr. Livingstone, I presume?'

Major Henry Wirz, the Confederate commander of the notorious Andersonville prison in Georgia, was hanged, the only Confederate officer executed for war crimes during the American Civil War.

The Swiss Confederation adopts a new federal constitution, formally replacing the confederate constitution of 1815 and transforming Switzerland into a federal state.

The Treaty of Córdoba, which established Mexican independence from Spain, was signed by the last viceroy of New Spain, Juan O'Donojú and Agustín de Iturbide.

Napoleon Bonaparte stages a coup d'état known as the 18 Brumaire, which overthrows the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. This effectively ends the French Revolution and marks the rise of Napoleon as the head of France.

The United States Marine Corps was founded by a resolution of the Second Continental Congress.

René Descartes has his visions (or dreams) that inspire his philosophy of a modern scientific method, while serving in the military during the Thirty Years' War. This is considered a turning point in developing his ideas that form the basis of Cartesian philosophy.

Martin Luther, the seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation, was born in Eisleben, Germany.

The Battle of Varna took place, where the Ottoman Empire, led by Sultan Murad II, defeated the Polish-Hungarian army under King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary.

Louis X of France, known as Louis the Quarrelsome, was born in Paris.

The Fourth Crusade arrived at the walls of Zara (modern-day Zadar, Croatia) and began the Siege of Zara. This was the first major action of the Fourth Crusade and marked the first time a Catholic city was attacked by a crusading force.

Holy Roman Emperor Otto I occupies Rome and places his candidate for pope on the papal throne.

The deposition of Charles the Fat, the last Carolingian emperor to rule over a united Carolingian Empire. His removal marked the fragmentation of the empire into separate kingdoms.

Emperor Leo II dies, and his father Zeno becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.

The death of Pope Leo I, also known as Leo the Great, who was one of the most significant popes of the early Christian Church. He is remembered for his theological contributions and his role in asserting the authority of the papacy.