In History, Today on October 28

The Islamic State confirmed the death of its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and announced Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi as his successor.

Jair Bolsonaro was elected President of Brazil, marking a significant political shift in the country. His election was characterized by a rise in right-wing politics and promises to tackle corruption and crime.

China announced the end of its one-child policy, allowing couples to have two children. This policy change was aimed at addressing the country's aging population and shrinking workforce.

A Boeing 747 cargo plane crashes at the end of the runway at Halifax Stanfield International Airport, Nova Scotia, Canada, killing all seven crew members on board.

The United States National Security Agency (NSA) was reported to have monitored the phone conversations of 35 world leaders, according to documents leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. This revelation led to diplomatic tensions between the U.S. and several of its allies.

Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was elected as the first female President of Argentina, succeeding her husband, Néstor Kirchner.

The French government declared a state of emergency in response to riots that began in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, following the accidental deaths of two teenagers who were fleeing police. The unrest spread to other parts of France, highlighting issues of social inequality and racial tensions.

The Nord-Ost siege in Moscow, Russia, ends when Russian forces storm the Dubrovka Theater, where Chechen militants held around 850 hostages. The operation resulted in the deaths of approximately 130 hostages due to a gas used by Russian forces to incapacitate the militants.

Fire breaks out in a subway train in Baku, Azerbaijan, one of the deadliest fires in the history of metro systems, killing 289 people and injuring over 270.

U.S. President George H. W. Bush opens the Madrid Conference to revive Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations.

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party wins the general election, leading to the first socialist government in Spain since the Spanish Civil War.

The United Kingdom launches its first satellite, Prospero, marking the entry into the Space Age as an independent nation.

Pope Paul VI issues the declaration 'Nostra Aetate', transforming the Catholic Church's relations with non-Christian religions.

The Cuban Missile Crisis ends as Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.

John XXIII is elected as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.

Hungary withdraws from the Warsaw Pact during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

The Italian island of Elba was liberated by Allied Forces from German occupation during World War II.

Greece rejects Italy's ultimatum, leading to Italy's invasion of Greece and Greece's entry into World War II.

Italian fascists led by Benito Mussolini march on Rome, leading to Mussolini's appointment as Prime Minister.

Czechoslovakia declares independence from Austria-Hungary, marking the end of World War I for the region.

The historic Harvey House Railroad Depot opens in Barstow, California.

The Statue of Liberty is dedicated in New York Harbor by President Grover Cleveland.

The first railway in Spain known as the Barcelona-Mataró Railway was inaugurated.

The New York newspaper, The Herald, published the first newspaper report detailing the Great Fire of New York City, which had occurred on December 16-17, 1835.

Jean-François Champollion announced that he had deciphered the Rosetta Stone, thereby unlocking the ability to understand ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.

The publication of Jonathan Swift's 'Gulliver’s Travels' occurred, introducing a classic satire of human nature and travel narrative that remains popular across the ages.

The 1707 Hōei earthquake struck off the southwestern coast of Japan, with an estimated magnitude of 8.6, causing devastating effects on towns and cities in the region.

Harvard College is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The first university in the New World, Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is established in what is now the Dominican Republic.

Christopher Columbus lands in Cuba during his first voyage to the New World.

The English parliament first convened in Westminster during the reign of Edward III, marking a formalization in how Edward consulted his subjects on important matters, setting the stage for future parliamentary developments in England.

Antipope Honorius II was elected as the Antipope, opposing the reigning Pope Alexander II, during a disputed papal election.

The Byzantine Empire captured Antioch from the Hamdanid dynasty, marking a significant territorial gain during the Byzantine-Arab Wars.

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge took place, where Constantine I defeated Maxentius, leading to Constantine becoming the sole ruler of the Roman Empire's western half.

Emperor Nerva of Rome adopts Trajan as his heir.