In History, Today on October 28

Christopher Columbus lands in Cuba during his first voyage to the New World.

The first university in the New World, Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is established in what is now the Dominican Republic.

Harvard College is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The Statue of Liberty is dedicated in New York Harbor by President Grover Cleveland.

Czechoslovakia declares independence from Austria-Hungary, marking the end of World War I for the region.

Italian fascists led by Benito Mussolini march on Rome, leading to Mussolini's appointment as Prime Minister.

Greece rejects Italy's ultimatum, leading to Italy's invasion of Greece and Greece's entry into World War II.

John XXIII is elected as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Cuban Missile Crisis ends as Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.

Pope Paul VI issues the declaration 'Nostra Aetate', transforming the Catholic Church's relations with non-Christian religions.

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party wins the general election, leading to the first socialist government in Spain since the Spanish Civil War.

The French government declared a state of emergency in response to riots that began in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, following the accidental deaths of two teenagers who were fleeing police. The unrest spread to other parts of France, highlighting issues of social inequality and racial tensions.

Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was elected as the first female President of Argentina, succeeding her husband, Néstor Kirchner.

The United States National Security Agency (NSA) was reported to have monitored the phone conversations of 35 world leaders, according to documents leaked by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. This revelation led to diplomatic tensions between the U.S. and several of its allies.

China announced the end of its one-child policy, allowing couples to have two children. This policy change was aimed at addressing the country's aging population and shrinking workforce.

Jair Bolsonaro was elected President of Brazil, marking a significant political shift in the country. His election was characterized by a rise in right-wing politics and promises to tackle corruption and crime.

The Islamic State confirmed the death of its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and announced Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi as his successor.