In History, Today on October 11

Fumio Kishida was officially confirmed as Japan's Prime Minister after winning the leadership of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.

Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighboring Eritrea.

NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin survived an emergency landing after a Soyuz rocket carrying them to the International Space Station failed mid-flight.

Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.

The U.S. Department of Justice announced that it had foiled an Iranian plot to assassinate the Saudi Arabian ambassador to the United States, Adel al-Jubeir, in Washington, D.C.

The Netherlands Antilles was dissolved as a political entity, and Curaçao and Sint Maarten became constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Approximately 41 people were killed when Typhoon Parma returned to the Philippines after a brief departure, causing severe landslides and flooding in numerous areas.

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime launched a report indicating that the cultivation of opium poppies in Afghanistan surged by 59% from the previous year, despite international efforts to control it.

Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development.

Doctors at the Cleveland Clinic announced the first gene therapy for cancer in the United States using a technique called 'suicide gene therapy,' aimed at treating prostate cancer.

The confirmation hearings for Supreme Court Justice nominee Clarence Thomas, marked by Anita Hill's testimony alleging sexual harassment, took place, causing a national debate on the topic.

Astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan became the first American woman to perform a spacewalk during the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-41-G.

Saturday Night Live, an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show, premiered on NBC with George Carlin as the host.

NASA launched Apollo 7, the first successful manned mission in the Apollo program, which orbited the Earth and tested the Command/Service Module.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued the first license to broadcast television in color to CBS.

President Harry S. Truman holds the first televised Oval Office address, emphasizing the need to prevent food shortages in Europe.

The New York Giants defeated the Washington Senators to win the 1943 World Series.

The Battle of Cape Esperance begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign in World War II, resulting in an Allied victory.

The San Francisco Board of Education orders the segregation of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean students, leading to international controversy.

The Second Boer War began between the British Empire and the two Boer states, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa.

The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is founded as a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' independence efforts.

David Houston patents the first roll film for photography, a significant advancement in photographic technology which would later be important for the development of motion pictures.

The political union known as the German Customs Union (Zollverein) was expanded to include several new German states, aiding economic unity and cooperation.

The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orleans, opening up major commercial routes on the river.

The British Royal Navy achieved a decisive victory over the Dutch fleet at the Battle of Camperdown. This naval engagement was part of the French Revolutionary Wars and helped to maintain British dominance at sea.

The Battle of Valcour Island, a naval engagement during the American Revolutionary War, takes place on Lake Champlain.

The 'Calcutta Cyclone' hit the city of Calcutta in the Bay of Bengal, causing significant destruction and loss of life. An estimated 3,000,000 people were affected, and at least 20,000 people died, making it one of the deadliest cyclones in recorded history.

After a ten-day siege, the city of Drogheda in Ireland falls to Oliver Cromwell's forces during the Irish Confederate Wars.

Huldrych Zwingli, a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, is killed in the Battle of Kappel.

Pope Leo X conferred the title 'Defender of the Faith' on King Henry VIII of England for his defense of the seven sacraments against Martin Luther.

During his first voyage to the Americas, Christopher Columbus and his crew were on the verge of abandoning their delayed search when they observed what they believed to be an indication of land (notably vegetation in the water at La Pinta's bow, as well as flickering lights). His sighting of land would be officially confirmed the next day when they landed on the island of Guanahani, modern-day San Salvador.

The Treaty of Paris was signed, which ended the Anglo-French War that began in 1294. Through this treaty, England regained the rights to Gascony and other land claims, improving relations between the two kingdoms.

The Aleppo earthquake, one of the deadliest earthquakes in history, struck northern Syria, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.