In History, Today on January 9

The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, was rounded up and incinerated by townspeople who blamed them for the Black Death.

Judges' investigations for the trial of Joan of Arc began in Rouen, France.

Philip Astley staged the first modern circus in London.

Jean-Pierre Blanchard made the first successful balloon flight in the United States.

The French Academy of Sciences announced the Daguerreotype photography process.

Mississippi became the second state to secede from the Union before the American Civil War.

Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition, planted the British flag 97 miles from the South Pole, the farthest south anyone had reached at that time.

The Battle of Gallipoli ended with an Ottoman victory as Allied forces completed their evacuation from the peninsula.

Juan de la Cierva made the first successful flight of an autogyro, a predecessor to the helicopter.

The United Nations headquarters officially opened in New York City.

Construction work began on the Aswan High Dam in Egypt.

Martyrs' Day in Panama: Riots erupted over sovereignty of the Panama Canal Zone, leading to clashes between Panamanians and U.S. troops.

Representatives from the United States and Iraq met at the Geneva Peace Conference to discuss the Gulf War.

The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaimed the creation of the Republic of the Serbian People of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The United Nations Security Council held its first meeting of the new millennium.

Apple Inc. introduced iTunes, a digital media player application that revolutionized the way people purchased and organized music.

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, ending the Second Sudanese Civil War.

Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the first iPhone at the Macworld convention, marking a significant milestone in mobile technology.

The Southern Sudanese independence referendum began, leading to the eventual independence of South Sudan from Sudan.

The Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris, France, concluded with the death of the two gunmen, who had attacked the satirical magazine's office two days earlier.

The World Health Organization team arrived in Wuhan, China, to investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Novak Djokovic, the world’s top-ranked tennis player, was detained in Australia over visa issues related to COVID-19 vaccination requirements, sparking a legal battle and international attention.