Severance of Diplomatic Relations Between Pakistan and India - December 6, 1971

On December 6, 1971, Pakistan severed diplomatic relations with India amidst the escalating conflict of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. This decision marked a significant moment in the history of South Asia, reflecting the intense hostilities and geopolitical tensions between the two nations.

Context Leading to the Break

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was primarily rooted in the Bangladesh Liberation War. The conflict began as a civil war in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) following the 1970 general elections in Pakistan. The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a majority, but the Pakistani government, dominated by West Pakistan, was reluctant to transfer power. This led to widespread unrest and a brutal military crackdown in East Pakistan, resulting in a humanitarian crisis and an influx of refugees into India.

India, led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, supported the Bangladeshi independence movement both diplomatically and militarily. On December 3, 1971, Pakistan launched preemptive air strikes on Indian airbases, prompting India to formally enter the war.

The Severance of Relations

As the war intensified, diplomatic relations between Pakistan and India deteriorated rapidly. On December 6, 1971, Pakistan officially severed diplomatic ties with India. This move was a response to India’s recognition of Bangladesh as an independent nation on the same day, which further inflamed tensions.

Consequences and Aftermath

• Military Outcome: The war concluded on December 16, 1971, with the surrender of Pakistani forces in East Pakistan and the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh.
• Diplomatic Impact: The severance of diplomatic relations underscored the deep-seated animosity and mistrust between India and Pakistan, which would continue to affect their bilateral relations for decades.
• Regional Dynamics: The emergence of Bangladesh altered the geopolitical landscape of South Asia, reducing Pakistan’s influence in the region and leading to a reevaluation of alliances and strategies by both India and Pakistan.

Broader Historical Significance

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the subsequent diplomatic fallout highlighted the complexities of post-colonial state formation and ethnic nationalism in South Asia. It also underscored the challenges of maintaining peace and stability in a region marked by historical grievances and competing national interests.

The severance of diplomatic relations on December 6, 1971, was a pivotal moment that reflected the broader conflict and its enduring impact on India-Pakistan relations. Despite the eventual restoration of diplomatic ties, the legacy of the 1971 war continues to influence the political and security dynamics of the region.