San Marino Adopts Its Written Constitution
1600 · San Marino, San Marino
San Marino adopts its written constitution, which is still in effect today, making it the world's oldest constitution still in use.
The Founding of San Marino: September 3, 301
San Marino, officially known as the Republic of San Marino, is one of the world’s smallest and oldest republics. Its traditional founding date is September 3, 301 AD, attributed to Saint Marinus, a Christian stonemason who fled persecution.
Historical Context
- Roman Empire: During the early 4th century, the Roman Empire was under the rule of Emperor Diocletian. This period was marked by the Great Persecution, the empire’s last and most severe persecution of Christians.
- Christian Persecution: Saint Marinus, originally from the island of Rab in present-day Croatia, fled to escape these persecutions. He sought refuge in the Apennine Mountains of Italy.
The Founding Legend
- Saint Marinus: According to legend, Marinus arrived on Mount Titano, where he established a small Christian community. He is said to have built a chapel and a monastery, laying the foundation for what would become the Republic of San Marino.
- Independence and Governance: The community organized itself as a self-governing entity, maintaining its independence through the centuries. Its governance was based on democratic principles, which have evolved but remain central to its identity.
Significance and Legacy
- Continuity: San Marino claims to be the world’s oldest republic, maintaining its independence and governance structure for over 1,700 years.
- Cultural Heritage: The republic is known for its rich cultural heritage, including medieval architecture and historical documents that reflect its long-standing traditions of governance and autonomy.
- Modern Era: Today, San Marino is a member of various international organizations and maintains diplomatic relations with many countries, emphasizing its enduring sovereignty.
Conclusion
San Marino’s founding by Saint Marinus on September 3, 301, is a testament to its resilience and historical significance. Despite its small size, the republic has played a unique role in European history, symbolizing the enduring ideals of independence and self-governance.