The Second Continental Congress Convenes in Philadelphia
1775 · Philadelphia, United States
The Second Continental Congress convenes in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Lancaster Becomes Temporary U.S. Capital - September 27, 1777
On September 27, 1777, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, became the temporary capital of the United States. This development occurred in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, as British forces captured Philadelphia, the then-capital of the United States, forcing the Continental Congress to seek a safer location.
Context
The British occupied Philadelphia on September 26, 1777, following their victory at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11 and the subsequent inaction of American forces led by General George Washington. Philadelphia, as the largest city and an economic and political hub of the colonies, was of significant strategic importance.
Temporary Relocation to Lancaster
As a response to the imminent British threat, the Continental Congress evacuated Philadelphia. On September 27, they convened in Lancaster, which held the distinction of becoming the nation’s capital for one day. The members met in the Lancaster Courthouse. Lancaster’s selection was due to its relative safety, established infrastructure, and willingness to host the Congress.
Significance and Aftermath
Lancaster’s brief role as the nation’s capital underscores the volatility and challenges faced during the Revolutionary War. It highlighted the strategic retreat and survival tactics the Congress employed to continue governance under threat.
After just one day in Lancaster, the Congress moved again to York, Pennsylvania, on September 30, where they remained until June 1778. During their stay in York, crucial decisions, such as the adoption of the Articles of Confederation, were made, which contributed to the eventual American victory in the war for independence.
Historical Impact
Though its capital status was fleeting, Lancaster’s role is a testament to the adaptability and resilience of the United States’ founders during a pivotal moment in history. The quick relocation efforts helped prevent the disruption of legislative activities and contributed to maintaining continuity in governance during the war.