The United States National Security Strategy of December 18, 2017

On December 18, 2017, the Trump administration released a new National Security Strategy (NSS) for the United States, marking a significant shift in the country’s approach to global affairs. This document outlined the administration’s vision for national security, emphasizing the “America First” policy and identifying China and Russia as key competitors.

Key Elements of the Strategy

America First

• Economic Security as National Security: The strategy underscored the importance of economic strength as a foundation for national security. It emphasized the need to protect American economic interests and ensure fair trade practices.

• Sovereignty and National Interests: The document highlighted the importance of prioritizing American sovereignty and interests in international engagements, advocating for a more unilateral approach when necessary.

Identification of Competitors

• China and Russia: The NSS explicitly identified China and Russia as strategic competitors. It accused these nations of attempting to erode American security and prosperity, challenging U.S. power, influence, and interests.

• Military and Economic Competition: The strategy pointed to China’s economic practices and military expansion in the South China Sea, as well as Russia’s actions in Ukraine and its interference in democratic processes, as key areas of concern.

Other Strategic Pillars

• Strengthening the Military: A call for rebuilding the U.S. military to ensure it remains the most powerful in the world, capable of deterring adversaries and defending national interests.

• Protecting the Homeland: Emphasized the need for stronger border security, counterterrorism efforts, and cybersecurity measures to protect the U.S. from external threats.

• Advancing American Influence: The strategy advocated for promoting American values and leadership on the global stage, while also encouraging allies to share the burden of global security.

Context and Significance

The 2017 NSS marked a departure from previous strategies by explicitly naming great power competition as a central focus. This reflected a broader shift in U.S. foreign policy under President Trump, moving away from multilateralism and towards a more nationalist approach. The emphasis on economic security and military strength was indicative of the administration’s priorities in addressing global challenges.

Aftermath and Consequences

• International Reactions: The strategy received mixed reactions globally. Allies were concerned about the potential for reduced U.S. engagement in international institutions, while adversaries like China and Russia criticized the confrontational tone.

• Policy Implementation: The NSS set the stage for subsequent policy decisions, including trade tariffs against China and increased defense spending. It also influenced the U.S.’s approach to international diplomacy and military alliances.

Overall, the 2017 National Security Strategy was a pivotal document that encapsulated the Trump administration’s foreign policy vision, emphasizing a shift towards prioritizing American interests and recognizing the complexities of global power dynamics.