September 29, 1364

The Battle of Auray took place during the Breton War of Succession, resulting in a decisive victory for John de Montfort, who secured the Duchy of Brittany.

Auray, France | Breton forces

Watercolor painting based depiction of The Battle of Auray took place during the Breton War of Succession, resulting in a decisive victory for John de Montfort, who secured the Duchy of Brittany. (1364)

The Battle of Auray: A Decisive Moment in the Breton War of Succession

Context

The Battle of Auray, fought on September 29, 1364, was a pivotal conflict in the Breton War of Succession, a civil war that erupted over the ducal succession in Brittany following the death of Duke John III in 1341. The war was primarily a contest between two rival factions: the House of Blois, led by Charles of Blois, and the House of Montfort, led by John de Montfort. This conflict was part of the larger Hundred Years’ War, with the Blois faction receiving support from France and the Montfort faction backed by England.

Key Events Leading Up to the Battle

  • 1341: The death of Duke John III of Brittany without a direct heir led to a succession crisis. John de Montfort claimed the duchy based on proximity of blood, while Charles of Blois claimed it through his marriage to John III’s niece, Joan of Penthièvre.
  • 1341-1364: The war saw numerous battles and skirmishes, with both sides gaining and losing ground. The conflict was marked by shifting alliances and the involvement of foreign powers, notably England and France.
  • 1364: By this year, both factions were eager to end the prolonged conflict. The Montfort faction, led by John de Montfort and supported by English forces under Sir John Chandos, sought a decisive engagement.

The Battle of Auray

  • Location: The battle took place near the town of Auray in Brittany.
  • Forces: John de Montfort’s forces, bolstered by English troops, faced off against Charles of Blois’ army, which included French support.
  • Outcome: The battle resulted in a decisive victory for John de Montfort. Charles of Blois was killed in the fighting, effectively ending the Blois claim to the duchy.

Aftermath and Consequences

  • Treaty of Guérande (1365): Following the battle, the Treaty of Guérande was signed, formally recognizing John de Montfort as the Duke of Brittany. This treaty brought an end to the Breton War of Succession.
  • Impact on Brittany: The victory solidified Montfort’s control over Brittany, ensuring the duchy’s alignment with England during the ongoing Hundred Years’ War.
  • Legacy: The battle and subsequent treaty established the Montfort line as the ruling dynasty in Brittany, which would continue to play a significant role in the region’s history.

Broader Historical Significance

The Battle of Auray was not only a turning point in the Breton War of Succession but also a reflection of the complex feudal loyalties and international politics of the time. It underscored the interconnectedness of regional conflicts within the broader context of the Hundred Years’ War, illustrating how local disputes could have far-reaching implications across medieval Europe.

Source: en.wikipedia.org

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