Bear Flag Revolt Begins - June 14, 1846

On June 14, 1846, the Bear Flag Revolt marked a pivotal moment in California’s history, leading to the brief establishment of the California Republic. This event was part of the larger context of American expansionism and the Mexican-American War.

Background

In the mid-19th century, California was a sparsely populated region under Mexican control. However, the area was increasingly attracting American settlers, who were motivated by the promise of land and opportunity. Tensions between these settlers and the Mexican government were exacerbated by the broader geopolitical ambitions of the United States, which was pursuing a policy of Manifest Destiny—aiming to expand its territory across the North American continent.

The Revolt

The Bear Flag Revolt was initiated by a group of American settlers in the Sonoma region of California. On June 14, 1846, a small band of these settlers, led by figures such as William B. Ide and Ezekiel Merritt, seized the Mexican garrison in Sonoma. They declared independence from Mexican rule, raising a hastily crafted flag featuring a grizzly bear and a lone star, which became known as the “Bear Flag.”

Key Figures

• William B. Ide: A prominent leader of the revolt, Ide played a crucial role in the establishment of the California Republic and served as its de facto president.
• Ezekiel Merritt: Another leader of the revolt, Merritt was instrumental in the initial capture of the Mexican garrison at Sonoma.

The California Republic

The California Republic was short-lived, lasting only about 25 days. During this period, the rebels attempted to establish a government independent of Mexico. However, the Republic’s existence was largely symbolic, as it lacked the resources and recognition to sustain itself.

Aftermath and Significance

The Bear Flag Revolt coincided with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). In July 1846, U.S. military forces, led by Commodore John D. Sloat, arrived in California and took control of the region, effectively ending the California Republic. The territory was subsequently annexed by the United States as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which concluded the Mexican-American War.

Broader Impact

• Manifest Destiny: The revolt and subsequent annexation of California were emblematic of the United States’ expansionist policies during this era.
• California Statehood: The events set the stage for California’s admission to the Union as the 31st state in 1850, following the discovery of gold and the ensuing Gold Rush.

The Bear Flag Revolt remains a significant episode in California’s history, symbolizing the complex interactions between American settlers and Mexican authorities, and the broader narrative of U.S. territorial expansion.