WHO Declares Algeria and Argentina Malaria-Free

On May 21, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared Algeria and Argentina malaria-free, recognizing the significant efforts both countries made to eradicate the disease within their borders. This declaration marked a major public health achievement for both nations and highlighted the effectiveness of sustained efforts in combating malaria.

Background

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It has historically been a significant public health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease can cause severe illness and death, especially in vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women.

Algeria

• Historical Context: Algeria was once heavily burdened by malaria, with the disease being endemic across the country. The last indigenous case was reported in 2013.
• Efforts and Strategies: Algeria’s success in eradicating malaria was attributed to a combination of strong political commitment, effective disease surveillance, and comprehensive healthcare services. The country implemented widespread distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and robust public health campaigns to educate the population.
• Significance: Algeria became the third African country to be certified malaria-free by the WHO, following Mauritius in 1973 and Morocco in 2010.

Argentina

• Historical Context: In Argentina, malaria was a significant health issue, particularly in the northern provinces. The last indigenous case was reported in 2010.
• Efforts and Strategies: Argentina’s approach involved strengthening its healthcare infrastructure, improving access to diagnosis and treatment, and implementing effective vector control measures. The country also focused on cross-border collaboration to prevent the reintroduction of the disease.
• Significance: Argentina became the second country in the Americas to be declared malaria-free in the 21st century, following Paraguay in 2018.

Broader Implications

The WHO’s certification of Algeria and Argentina as malaria-free was a testament to the effectiveness of sustained public health interventions and international cooperation. It underscored the importance of political will, community engagement, and comprehensive healthcare strategies in eradicating infectious diseases.

Global Context

• WHO Certification: The WHO grants malaria-free certification to countries that have demonstrated at least three consecutive years of zero indigenous cases and have the capacity to prevent the re-establishment of transmission.
• Global Efforts: The success of Algeria and Argentina serves as an encouraging example for other countries striving to eliminate malaria. It aligns with the global goal of reducing the malaria burden and ultimately achieving a malaria-free world.

Conclusion

The declaration of Algeria and Argentina as malaria-free by the WHO on May 21, 2019, was a significant milestone in global health. It highlighted the power of coordinated public health efforts and the potential for countries to overcome the challenges posed by infectious diseases through dedication and innovation.