The Military Coup in Zimbabwe: November 15, 2017

On November 15, 2017, Zimbabwe experienced a significant political upheaval when the military intervened, leading to the resignation of President Robert Mugabe after 37 years in power. This event marked a pivotal moment in Zimbabwe’s history, ending Mugabe’s long-standing rule and ushering in a new era of leadership.

Background

Robert Mugabe had been in power since Zimbabwe’s independence from British colonial rule in 1980. Initially celebrated as a liberation hero, his presidency became increasingly authoritarian over the decades. His administration was characterized by economic mismanagement, human rights abuses, and political repression. By the 2000s, Zimbabwe’s economy was in severe decline, with hyperinflation and widespread poverty.

Tensions within the ruling party, the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), escalated in the years leading up to the coup. A major point of contention was the succession plan for Mugabe, who was in his 90s. The rivalry between Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa and Mugabe’s wife, Grace Mugabe, for the presidency intensified, leading to Mnangagwa’s dismissal on November 6, 2017.

The Coup

In the early hours of November 15, 2017, the Zimbabwean military, led by General Constantino Chiwenga, took control of key state institutions, including the national broadcaster. Tanks and armed soldiers were deployed in the capital, Harare, and Mugabe was placed under house arrest. The military insisted that their actions were not a coup but rather an effort to target “criminals” around Mugabe who were causing social and economic suffering.

Despite the military’s claims, the intervention effectively sidelined Mugabe and shifted power dynamics within the country. The move was widely seen as a response to Mugabe’s attempts to position his wife as his successor, which was unpopular both within the military and among the general populace.

Aftermath

Following the military’s intervention, there were widespread calls for Mugabe’s resignation. On November 19, ZANU-PF removed Mugabe as party leader and appointed Mnangagwa in his place. Under immense pressure, including the threat of impeachment, Mugabe resigned on November 21, 2017.

Emmerson Mnangagwa was sworn in as Zimbabwe’s president on November 24, 2017. His ascension to power was met with cautious optimism, as many Zimbabweans hoped for economic recovery and political reform. However, Mnangagwa’s presidency has faced challenges, including accusations of continued authoritarian practices and economic difficulties.

Historical Significance

The 2017 military coup in Zimbabwe was a turning point in the nation’s history. It ended the nearly four-decade rule of one of Africa’s longest-serving leaders and highlighted the complex interplay of military and political power in Zimbabwe. While it opened the door for potential change, it also underscored the challenges of transitioning from authoritarian rule to a more democratic governance structure.

The events of November 15, 2017, remain a significant chapter in Zimbabwe’s ongoing journey toward political stability and economic recovery.