Founding of Amnesty International

On May 28, 1961, Amnesty International, a non-governmental organization dedicated to the protection and promotion of human rights, was founded in London by British lawyer Peter Benenson. This pivotal moment in history marked the beginning of a global movement aimed at addressing human rights abuses and advocating for individuals whose rights were being violated.

Background and Context

The inception of Amnesty International was inspired by an article written by Peter Benenson, titled “The Forgotten Prisoners,” which was published in The Observer newspaper. In this article, Benenson highlighted the plight of two Portuguese students who had been imprisoned for raising a toast to freedom. This case exemplified the broader issue of individuals being detained for their beliefs, a situation Benenson referred to as “prisoners of conscience.”

Key Events Leading to the Founding

• The Observer Article: Benenson’s article called for a global campaign to mobilize public opinion against the imprisonment of individuals for their political or religious beliefs. This appeal resonated with readers and laid the groundwork for the establishment of Amnesty International.

• Mobilization of Support: Following the publication, Benenson and a group of like-minded individuals, including Eric Baker, a Quaker peace activist, organized a meeting to discuss the formation of an organization that would work to secure the release of prisoners of conscience worldwide.

Establishment and Early Activities

• Founding Principles: Amnesty International was founded on the principle that individuals should not be imprisoned for their beliefs, provided they have not advocated violence. The organization committed itself to impartiality and independence, focusing on the protection of human rights without political bias.

• Initial Campaigns: The early efforts of Amnesty International involved writing letters to governments and authorities, urging them to release prisoners of conscience. This grassroots approach, known as “letter-writing campaigns,” became a hallmark of the organization’s advocacy work.

Broader Historical Significance

• Growth and Impact: Over the years, Amnesty International expanded its focus to include a wide range of human rights issues, such as torture, the death penalty, and the rights of refugees. It has grown into one of the world’s most prominent human rights organizations, with millions of members and supporters across the globe.

• Recognition and Influence: Amnesty International’s work has been recognized internationally, earning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977 for its “defense of human dignity against torture” and its efforts to promote human rights.

Conclusion

The founding of Amnesty International on May 28, 1961, marked a significant milestone in the global human rights movement. Through its persistent advocacy and commitment to justice, the organization has played a crucial role in raising awareness and effecting change in the realm of human rights, continuing to influence policies and inspire activists worldwide.