Thomas Paine’s “The American Crisis” Pamphlet

On December 19, 1776, Thomas Paine published the first of his series of pamphlets titled “The American Crisis.” This publication came at a critical juncture during the American Revolutionary War and began with the now-famous line, “These are the times that try men’s souls.”

Context and Background

• The Revolutionary War: By late 1776, the American Revolutionary War was in a precarious state. The Continental Army, led by General George Washington, had suffered a series of defeats, including the loss of New York City to British forces. Morale among the troops and the general populace was low, and the future of the American cause seemed uncertain.

• Thomas Paine: An influential writer and political activist, Paine had already made a significant impact with his earlier work, “Common Sense,” which had galvanized public opinion in favor of independence from Britain. Recognizing the need to bolster the spirits of the revolutionaries, Paine set out to inspire and motivate both soldiers and civilians.

Key Themes and Content

• Moral and Emotional Appeal: Paine’s writing in “The American Crisis” was designed to resonate deeply with its audience. By opening with “These are the times that try men’s souls,” he acknowledged the hardships faced by the revolutionaries while also calling for resilience and perseverance.

• Call to Action: The pamphlet urged Americans to remain steadfast in their fight for independence, emphasizing the justness of their cause and the necessity of enduring temporary hardships for the sake of future liberty.

• Critique of Loyalists: Paine also used the pamphlet to criticize those who remained loyal to the British Crown, labeling them as obstacles to freedom and progress.

Impact and Significance

• Boosting Morale: The publication of “The American Crisis” had an immediate and profound impact on the morale of the Continental Army and the American public. It was read aloud to troops, including those at Valley Forge, providing much-needed encouragement and resolve.

• Influence on the War Effort: The pamphlet helped to reinvigorate the revolutionary spirit at a time when the war effort was faltering. It played a role in rallying support for the cause and sustaining the fight for independence.

• Legacy: “The American Crisis” remains a seminal work in American literature and history, celebrated for its rhetorical power and its role in shaping the course of the American Revolution.

In summary, Thomas Paine’s “The American Crisis” was a pivotal publication that not only addressed the immediate challenges faced by the revolutionaries but also left a lasting legacy as a testament to the power of words in times of adversity.