The Treaty of Jassy

Overview

The Treaty of Jassy, signed on January 9, 1792, was a significant diplomatic agreement that concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The signing took place in the town of Jassy (Iași) in present-day Romania. This treaty marked a decisive shift in power favoring the Russian Empire, influencing the balance of power in Eastern Europe.

Background

• Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792): This conflict was primarily driven by Catherine the Great’s ambitions to expand Russian influence in southeastern Europe and gain access to warm-water ports.
• Major Battles: The war featured notable engagements, such as the Russian victories at Focşani, Rymnik, and the capture of the strategic fortress of Izmail by the Russian army.

Terms of the Treaty

1. Territorial Gains: The treaty confirmed Russian control over the Yedisan region between the Bug and Dniester Rivers, which included the important fortress of Ochakov.
2. Boundary Agreement: The Dniester River was established as the new frontier between the Russian and Ottoman Empires.
3. Status Quo of Crimea: Although Russian annexation of Crimea in 1783 was not formally recognized by the prior Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774), the Treaty of Jassy effectively solidified Russian sovereignty over Crimea.
4. Acknowledgment of Independence: The Ottoman Empire formally acknowledged the independence of the kingdom of Georgia, which aligned itself with Russia.

Consequences

• Russian Expansion: The treaty bolstered Russian influence in the Black Sea region, providing a strategic advantage and facilitating further expansion southward.
• Ottoman Weakening: The treaty reflected the declining power of the Ottoman Empire, marking continued territorial losses and weakening its control in Eastern Europe.
• Prelude to Future Conflicts: The shifting balance of power contributed to future confrontations in the region, including subsequent Russo-Turkish wars.

Historical Significance

The Treaty of Jassy was pivotal in the Great Power dynamics of late 18th century Europe. It reinforced Russia’s position as a dominant force in Eastern Europe and laid the groundwork for further territorial ambitions. The treaty’s establishment of frontiers and recognition of territorial claims set a precedent for international diplomacy in the region.