Italian General Election of March 4, 2018

The Italian general election held on March 4, 2018, resulted in a hung parliament, a situation where no single party or coalition secured an outright majority. This election marked a significant moment in Italy’s political landscape, characterized by the rise of populist movements and a shift away from traditional parties.

Context Leading Up to the Election

1. Economic Challenges: Italy had been grappling with economic stagnation, high unemployment rates, and a significant public debt burden. These issues fueled public discontent and skepticism towards established political parties.

2. Migration Crisis: Italy, being a primary entry point for migrants crossing the Mediterranean, faced challenges in managing the influx, which became a contentious political issue.

3. Rise of Populism: The election was notable for the surge in support for populist parties, reflecting broader trends seen across Europe.

Key Players and Parties

• Five Star Movement (M5S): A populist party founded by comedian Beppe Grillo, led by Luigi Di Maio during the election. It campaigned on anti-establishment and anti-corruption platforms.

• The League (Lega): A right-wing party led by Matteo Salvini, which focused on anti-immigration policies and regional autonomy.

• Democratic Party (PD): The center-left party led by Matteo Renzi, which had been in power prior to the election.

• Forza Italia: A center-right party led by former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.

Election Results

• Five Star Movement (M5S): Emerged as the single largest party, securing approximately 32% of the vote.

• Center-Right Coalition: Comprised of The League, Forza Italia, and other smaller parties, collectively garnered about 37% of the vote. The League outperformed Forza Italia within the coalition.

• Democratic Party (PD): Suffered significant losses, receiving around 19% of the vote, marking a decline from previous elections.

Aftermath and Political Negotiations

The election outcome led to a hung parliament, as no party or coalition achieved the necessary majority to form a government independently. This resulted in a prolonged period of political negotiations:

• Coalition Talks: Extensive discussions ensued, primarily between the Five Star Movement and The League, as they sought to form a viable government.

• Formation of Government: After nearly three months of negotiations, the Five Star Movement and The League reached an agreement to form a coalition government. Giuseppe Conte, a law professor with no prior political experience, was appointed as the Prime Minister.

Broader Historical Significance

The 2018 election underscored the fragmentation of Italy’s political landscape and the growing influence of populist and right-wing parties. It also highlighted the challenges faced by traditional parties in addressing voter concerns over economic and migration issues. The coalition government that emerged was marked by its unconventional nature and set the stage for significant policy shifts in Italy.

This election is a pivotal example of the shifting dynamics in European politics, reflecting broader trends of populism and political realignment.