Assassination of Roman Emperor Domitian - September 18, 96 AD

On September 18, 96 AD, the Roman Emperor Domitian was assassinated, marking the end of the Flavian dynasty. This event was a significant turning point in Roman history, leading to the rise of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty.

Background

Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which began with his father, Vespasian, in 69 AD, followed by his brother, Titus. Domitian’s reign lasted from 81 AD until his assassination in 96 AD. His rule was characterized by a strong centralization of power, significant military campaigns, and extensive building projects, including the completion of the Colosseum.

Despite these achievements, Domitian’s reign was also marked by increasing autocracy and paranoia. He was known for his authoritarian style of governance, which included the expansion of imperial control over the Senate and a series of purges against perceived enemies. This created a climate of fear and resentment among the Roman elite.

The Assassination

The assassination plot against Domitian was orchestrated by a group of court officials, including members of his own household and the Praetorian Guard, the elite unit responsible for the emperor’s protection. The conspirators were motivated by a combination of personal grievances and political ambitions.

On the morning of September 18, 96 AD, Domitian was attacked in his palace. According to historical accounts, he was stabbed multiple times and succumbed to his wounds. The precise details of the assassination vary among sources, but it is generally agreed that the plot was successful due to the involvement of those close to him, including his chamberlain, Parthenius.

Aftermath and Significance

The assassination of Domitian marked the end of the Flavian dynasty, which had ruled Rome for 27 years. In the immediate aftermath, the Senate quickly declared Nerva, an elderly and respected senator, as the new emperor. This transition was relatively smooth, as Nerva was seen as a stabilizing figure who could restore senatorial authority and end the oppressive atmosphere of Domitian’s reign.

Nerva’s ascension initiated the Nerva-Antonine dynasty, which is often regarded as a period of relative peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire. This era included the reigns of the “Five Good Emperors,” who were known for their competent governance and the expansion of the empire.

Domitian’s assassination and the subsequent change in leadership underscored the precarious nature of imperial power in Rome, where emperors could be swiftly removed by those closest to them. It also highlighted the ongoing tension between the emperor and the Senate, a dynamic that would continue to shape Roman politics for centuries.

In summary, the assassination of Domitian on September 18, 96 AD, was a pivotal moment in Roman history, ending the Flavian dynasty and paving the way for a new era under the Nerva-Antonine dynasty.