Croatia’s EU Accession Negotiations Begin - December 8, 2005

On December 8, 2005, the European Union (EU) officially opened accession negotiations with Croatia, marking a pivotal moment in the country’s journey towards EU membership. This event was a significant milestone in Croatia’s post-independence history and its efforts to integrate into European political and economic structures.

Background

• Independence and War: Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, leading to a brutal war that lasted until 1995. The conflict left the country with significant economic and infrastructural challenges.

• Stabilization and Association Agreement: In 2001, Croatia signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) with the EU, which laid the groundwork for eventual membership by establishing a framework for political dialogue and economic cooperation.

• EU Candidate Status: Croatia applied for EU membership in 2003 and was granted candidate status in June 2004. This status was contingent upon meeting various political and economic criteria, including cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

Key Events Leading to Negotiations

• ICTY Cooperation: One of the critical hurdles for Croatia was demonstrating full cooperation with the ICTY, particularly in apprehending and extraditing war criminals. The EU required this as a condition for starting accession talks.

• Reforms and Progress: Croatia undertook significant reforms in areas such as the judiciary, public administration, and human rights to align with EU standards. These efforts were crucial in persuading EU member states to commence negotiations.

The Negotiation Process

• Opening of Negotiations: The formal opening of accession negotiations on December 8, 2005, was a testament to Croatia’s progress in meeting the EU’s stringent entry criteria. The negotiations involved detailed discussions across 35 chapters covering various policy areas, including the economy, judiciary, and environmental standards.

• Monitoring and Evaluation: Throughout the negotiation process, the EU closely monitored Croatia’s progress in implementing reforms and meeting the Copenhagen criteria, which include stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities.

Aftermath and Consequences

• EU Membership: After several years of negotiations and continued reforms, Croatia successfully concluded its accession talks in 2011. It officially became the 28th member of the European Union on July 1, 2013.

• Regional Impact: Croatia’s accession was seen as a positive signal for other Western Balkan countries aspiring to join the EU, demonstrating that the path to membership was achievable with commitment to reform and cooperation.

• Economic and Political Integration: Membership in the EU has facilitated Croatia’s economic growth and political stability, providing access to a larger market and structural funds aimed at development.

In summary, the opening of accession negotiations with the EU on December 8, 2005, was a crucial step in Croatia’s integration into the European community, reflecting its commitment to reform and cooperation with international standards.