Attack on Airports in Rome and Vienna - December 27, 1985

On December 27, 1985, a coordinated terrorist attack was carried out by Palestinian guerrillas at two major European airports: Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport in Rome, Italy, and Vienna International Airport in Austria. These attacks resulted in the tragic loss of 19 lives and injuries to over 100 individuals, marking a significant moment in the history of international terrorism.

Context and Background

The attacks were part of a broader pattern of violence associated with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which had seen various militant groups resort to international terrorism to draw attention to their cause. During the 1980s, several Palestinian factions were active, with some resorting to high-profile attacks against civilian targets to further their political objectives.

The Attacks

Rome, Italy

• Location: Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport
• Time: Approximately 9:15 AM local time
• Details: The attackers opened fire and threw grenades at the El Al Israel Airlines ticket counter. The assault was swift and brutal, resulting in the deaths of 16 people, including a child, and injuring many others. The attackers were armed with assault rifles and grenades, which they used indiscriminately in the crowded terminal.

Vienna, Austria

• Location: Vienna International Airport
• Time: Shortly after the Rome attack
• Details: Similarly, the attackers targeted the El Al ticket counter, using firearms and grenades. Three people were killed, and numerous others were injured in the chaos that ensued. The attackers in Vienna were also heavily armed and executed their plan with precision.

Perpetrators

The attacks were attributed to the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO), a Palestinian militant group known for its radical stance and violent tactics. The ANO was led by Abu Nidal, a notorious figure in international terrorism, who had orchestrated numerous attacks against Israeli and Western targets.

Aftermath and Consequences

• International Response: The attacks drew widespread condemnation from around the world. They highlighted the vulnerability of international airports to terrorist activities and led to increased security measures at airports globally.
• Impact on Israeli-Palestinian Relations: The attacks further strained relations between Israel and Palestinian groups, complicating peace efforts and negotiations.
• Security Measures: In response to these and other similar incidents, many countries implemented stricter airport security protocols, including enhanced passenger screening and increased presence of armed security personnel.

Broader Historical Significance

The Rome and Vienna airport attacks underscored the global reach of terrorism and the challenges of ensuring security in international travel. They also illustrated the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the lengths to which some factions would go to pursue their political aims. These events contributed to the ongoing discourse on counter-terrorism strategies and the balance between security and civil liberties.

The tragic loss of life and the injuries sustained in these attacks remain a somber reminder of the impact of terrorism on innocent civilians and the importance of international cooperation in combating such threats.