Ohio's Admission as the 17th State of the United States
1803 · Chillicothe, United States
Ohio was admitted as the 17th state of the United States, although the official act of Congress recognizing the date was not passed until 1953.
Arizona’s Admission as the 48th U.S. State
On February 14, 1912, Arizona was officially admitted to the United States as the 48th state. This event marked the culmination of a long journey towards statehood, characterized by a series of political, social, and economic developments.
Historical Context
Territorial Beginnings: The area that is now Arizona was originally part of the New Mexico Territory, acquired by the United States following the Mexican-American War and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Gadsden Purchase in 1853 further defined its southern boundary.
Territorial Status: Arizona became a separate territory from New Mexico on February 24, 1863, during the American Civil War. This separation was partly due to the region’s distinct geographical and cultural identity, as well as its strategic importance.
Economic Development: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw significant economic growth in Arizona, driven by mining (particularly copper), agriculture, and the expansion of the railroad network. These developments increased the region’s population and economic viability, strengthening its case for statehood.
Path to Statehood
Constitutional Convention: In 1910, Arizona held a constitutional convention to draft a state constitution. The resulting document included progressive measures such as the initiative, referendum, and recall, reflecting the influence of the Progressive Movement.
Presidential Approval: President William Howard Taft initially vetoed Arizona’s statehood due to the inclusion of the judicial recall provision, which he opposed. After Arizona amended its constitution to remove this provision, Taft signed the statehood bill on February 14, 1912.
Significance and Aftermath
Statehood Celebration: Arizona’s admission was celebrated as a significant milestone, marking the end of the contiguous United States’ territorial expansion. It was the last of the contiguous states to join the Union.
Economic and Political Impact: Statehood provided Arizona with greater political representation and autonomy, allowing it to further develop its infrastructure and economy. The state’s rich natural resources and strategic location contributed to its growth and importance in the American Southwest.
Cultural Identity: Arizona’s admission also highlighted its unique cultural heritage, shaped by Native American, Hispanic, and Anglo influences. This diverse cultural tapestry continues to define the state’s identity today.
Arizona’s journey to statehood is a testament to its resilience and adaptability, reflecting broader themes of American expansion and development in the early 20th century.