Third Direct Presidential Election in Taiwan - March 12, 2004

On March 20, 2004, the Republic of China (Taiwan) held its third direct presidential election. This election marked a significant moment in Taiwanese political history, as the island’s commitment to democratic processes and free elections was once again demonstrated. The election was a contest primarily between the incumbent president, Chen Shui-bian, of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and his principal rival, Lien Chan, from the Kuomintang (KMT).

Election Context

• Incumbent President: Chen Shui-bian was seeking a second term. He had first assumed the presidency in 2000, representing a significant political shift as the DPP, historically supportive of Taiwanese independence, ended more than five decades of KMT rule.
• Primary Challenger: Lien Chan, the KMT candidate, served as Taiwan’s Vice President from 1996 to 2000 and sought to regain the presidency for his party.

Campaign Highlights

• The campaign was particularly intense, focusing heavily on issues such as Taiwan’s relations with China, domestic economic policies, and national identity.
• Security and defense became key issues as tensions with Mainland China provided a backdrop to the electoral discourse.
• The election was also notable for a controversial referendum held concurrently, addressing whether Taiwan should acquire more advanced missile defense systems from the United States.

Election Day and Results

• The electoral process took place amid heightened security due to an assassination attempt on President Chen Shui-bian the day before the vote.
• The election concluded with a narrow victory for Chen Shui-bian, who won with just over 50% of the vote, afording him a second term in office.

Aftermath and Consequences

• The slim margin of Chen’s victory, coupled with the events surrounding the election, led to significant controversy. This included widespread protests and legal challenges by the KMT, which alleged voting irregularities and called for a recount.
• Despite these challenges, the courts upheld the election results, reaffirming Chen Shui-bian’s victory.
• The 2004 election underscored Taiwan’s developing democratic processes and highlighted the deep divides within its society, especially regarding relations with China.

This election was pivotal in shaping the political landscape of Taiwan, particularly as it navigated its complex relationship with China and continued to solidify its identity as a sovereign democracy.